National Assembly for Wales

Good afternoon and welcome to this Plenary meeting of the Senedd. The first item is questions to the Minister for Climate Change, and the first question is from Sioned Williams.

Diolch, Sioned. We are shaping healthier urban environments through our Transforming Towns programme. Green infrastructure is encouraged in placemaking support proposals, improving biodiversity, quality of life, whilst helping tackle climate change. We continue to support the enhancement of community green spaces where people live and work through our Local Places for Nature projects. 

Diolch, Weinidog. Recently published research by Professor Ross Cameron of the University of Sheffield highlights the environmental importance of natural gardens. They play a vital role in cooling urban areas, absorbing rain, thereby reducing the risk of flash flooding, and offering much needed refuge, of course, for wildlife. The report outlines some of the trends of garden design and maintenance that are damaging for the urban environment, and one of these is the use of artificial grass. Artificial grass is made of plastic and other synthetic materials, which, despite the perception of being maintenance free, requires regular cleaning and has a life span of eight to 15 years, after which sustainable disposal can be challenging. Aside from reducing the benefits of natural gardens, using artificial grass carries other environmental implications, such as hindering the habitat of earthworms and insects, while the leaching of microplastics can harm wildlife. 

I wrote to Swansea Council, in my region, about this issue after being alerted to the fact that artificial grass had been used in the city regeneration work. They answered saying that this would not be used by the council in the public realm, even on a temporary basis, going forward. So, will you commit, today, Minister, to following the good example of Swansea Council by committing to the banning of the use of artificial grass in spaces over which the Government has control, with the exception of sports fields? And will you also consider supporting some of the suggestions by Professor Cameron, such as providing financial incentives to encourage and reward sustainable garden management?

Thank you, Sioned. It's a really important question for a number of reasons. Artificial grass really does have a very, very bad effect on the local sustainability of a large number of areas in Wales. As you rightly said, there is a short-term focus on, maybe, it being lower maintenance, but, actually, weeds come up through artificial grass. It can be very difficult to clean, if an animal has been on it, and, actually, there are quite worrying reports from a number of university sources, saying that the toxicity coming off artificial grass, if it's played on by children and so on, is quite alarming. So, actually, I really do think we need to get a public information campaign going about why it isn't the short-term solution it looks like for people. I've also noticed a slightly worrying tendency for artificial hedges and pots and things. You only have to look at those after one autumn of rain to see that they've leached the colour out of them and they've gone into the environment. So, I think it really is an important issue. We will be looking at all of our guidance and working with our local authorities to make sure that it isn't used in any publicly funded space, but I also want to get a piece of evidence going to (a), do a public information campaign about the problems with artificial grass, and (b), explore whether our new single-use plastics Bill, which got the royal seal—. I was at the sealing ceremony on Monday, and I hope it's on its way to you, if it hasn't arrived already, Llywydd. That gave us the ability to add in other plastics for banning, so I really want to explore proactively whether it's possible to do it through that route as well. 

In 2007, the world passed a little noticed but critical landmark, the point at which, for the first time in history, more humans were living in towns and cities than in the countryside. In Wales, two thirds of us live in urban areas. It is therefore vital that we do all we can to improve the urban environment. That means not just tackling air pollution in our towns and cities or tackling the travesty that is the dumping of sewage into rivers like the Towy and the Ogmore, but also improving access to green spaces in our urban areas. Minister, what steps are you taking to protect green spaces in urban areas and ensure that every community has free and ready access to such spaces?

Thank you, Altaf. It's a very important point. It's very much front and centre of our Transforming Towns initiative, where we look to create green infrastructure, as it's called. Green infrastructure is where there's a network of natural and semi-natural areas and features that contribute to high-quality environments, particularly important in urban and peri-urban spaces. One of the things I didn't respond to in Sioned's initial question was the issue about financial incentives to get people to have sustainable gardens. We're very keen to ensure that it's easier to do the right thing than it is to do the wrong thing, across Wales. My colleague Joyce Watson has on a number of occasions in the Senedd raised the fact that, actually, strictly speaking, you need planning consent to pave over a front area in an urban environment. It's not very often enforced in Wales, but we have been writing out to local authorities regularly to remind them that they need to consider the run-off point from that, because it's not just about biodiversity; it's actually about sustainable water systems as well, so it's very important for that.

We need to find a socially inclusive way of making sure that people have access to green spaces, not if you're just lucky enough to have a garden—you obviously ought to use that in the most sustainable way possible—but, also, we need to make sure that everyone in an urban or peri-urban area has access to that kind of sustained green space. You simply cannot do that by having hard-paved or, indeed, artificial grass areas—that just does not produce the same quality in the environment. So, we need, as I said to Sioned, to look at a range of interventions that we can undertake, and I personally would be looking very seriously to see whether we could actually do an education campaign to make people understand the problems, and then actually look to see if we can include it in a ban.

Thank you for the question.

I have asked the north Wales transport commission to consider the resilience of access to and from Ynys Môn in addition to its original remit. The commission's interim report is due to be published this week, with final recommendations to follow in the autumn.

Thank you for that response. I look forward to seeing that report. There are two bridges, of course, at the moment. I would like to ask for an assurance, first of all, that everything will be done to reduce difficulties locally in doing the work on the Menai bridge. There are traffic lights now; I would like an assurance that the restrictions will be in place for as brief a period as possible.

But there are two. As regards the second bridge—. I would like to extend my sincerest condolences to the family of a man who died in an accident on 23 May. Safety, of course, is one of the main arguments, along with resilience, in the case for a third crossing. What happened in this case was that the Britannia bridge was closed for nine hours, and people couldn't get to Ysbyty Gwynedd, school pupils couldn't get to their GCSE and A-level examinations. We must resolve this situation in terms of resilience. I've written to the Minister, recommending, as an initial step, although we do need that third crossing, having a zipper system in place, where a barrier is placed to allow two lanes of traffic in one direction in the morning, and then moving that barrier so that traffic can move in the other direction in the evening. Can I have an assurance from the Minister that work is being done to look at that seriously?

Thank you. I too would like to pass on my sympathy to the family of the person who died on the bridge.

We absolutely are looking at the issues that Rhun ap Iorwerth sets out. As he knows, we've asked the Burns commission specifically to look on this. We have also commissioned a study into resilience and traffic flow issues on the Britannia bridge, and the potential impact this will have on the carriage layout. We specifically looked, as he has suggested, at the examples of the Golden Gate zipper bridge, and the Tamar crossing. And in fact, we've been in touch with the company, Tamar Crossings, and National Highways, who operate the tidal flow of traffic on the Tamar bridge and the Saltash tunnel in Plymouth. And traffic and operational information that we've gathered has been passed on to the north Wales transport commission for them to consider. So, I agree with him—I think the zipper situation looks interesting and, potentially, very useful in the context of Ynys Môn, and that work is ongoing.

I also extend my condolences, of course, to the family of the bereaved.

The Welsh Government carried out a consultation in 2007 over proposals that included eight options for easing traffic congestion to and from Anglesey, including a new bridge. Reports were published in 2008, 2009, 2011, and a strategic business case was submitted in 2016, which found the scheme would meet local and national needs, including journey times, reliability and access for non-vehicle road users. This need has been intensified by the announcement of the Anglesey free port. In 2017, the previous First Minister told me the Welsh Government's aim was to see the third Menai crossing open in 2022. Then, earlier this year, the Welsh Government announced it was scrapping more than 50 road-building projects, including plans for a third Menai bridge. At a press conference last month, however, the First Minister said, 'The Menai crossing remains a project we continue to explore.' Last Friday, I met again with Ynys Môn's MP, Virginia Crosbie, and businesses in the Menai Bridge area, who raised with us issues including traffic, parking and a need for a third Menai crossing. How will you therefore engage with them regarding this, as the Welsh Government continues to make up its mind about what it is going to do?

Well, thank you for taking us through the history of the bridge and the discussion of options to replace it. As Mark Isherwood knows, we published our roads review and our amended roads policy statement, which he welcomed insofar as it applied to the red route in Flintshire. We've consistently applied that same lens across all road schemes, not just ones that he wants to scrap, but all of them, and we've tried to apply that logic consistently. And that, as he said, suggested that a third crossing wasn't justified, but it did set out a series of other alternatives. And that's why I've asked the Burns commission to look seriously at that, in the context of its study of north Wales as a whole, which was indeed part of the recommendations of the Sir Peter Hendy union connectivity review, commissioned by his Government. So, I think it's good that we've worked together to take forward those recommendations. And I would expect, once the interim report is published this week, that all stakeholders across north Wales will engage with the commission to feed in their ideas, and there's an opportunity for all elected Members, and other stakeholders, to do that. 

Questions now from party spokespeople. The Conservative spokesperson, Janet Finch-Saunders. 

Diolch, Llywydd. Minister, six of the UK's top 20 most polluted rivers are here in Wales—the Rivers Teifi, Usk, Wye, Towy, the Menai strait and the River Taff. Now, according to Natural Resources Wales, sewage pollution is the top pollutant in Welsh bathing waters. Locals and visitors have been taking to the waters during this glorious weather, and I know that you're fully aware of your own responsibility and wish to ensure that it is safe for people. Now, since 2016, there have been around 450,000 storm overflow discharges in Wales. Since 2016, NRW has only sent out—only sent out, and I say that loosely—350 warning letters to Welsh Water, but, as a result of sending out 350 warning letters, Welsh Water have only been prosecuted six times. Now, that strikes me as a massive enforcement failure. What steps will you take to independently assess whether NRW have actually been taking their own responsibilities seriously and that they have been enforcing correctly?

Thank you, Janet. I'm afraid there's a very fundamental misunderstanding of the correlation between warning letters and prosecutions in your question. Obviously, NRW will prosecute somebody who isn't doing the right remedial actions. You don't prosecute somebody who's done something and then takes the right remedial actions. Prosecution is the last step where no other remedy is available. 

But, turning to the substantive point, which is the question of what we are going to do about improving the water quality of the rivers—which prosecution is never going to do, actually; it's just a last stand for somebody who really isn't doing the right thing—what we need to do is to get people to do the right thing. You consistently list the things that are happening in our rivers, but you always leave out land use and agricultural pollution. Land use and agricultural pollution are big contributors to the river pollution that we experience right across Wales. There's no point in shaking your head at me, it just is; it's a matter of data. It is a combination of a whole series of things in every river in Wales. I can produce, and I'm very happy to circulate, Llywydd, for the Senedd the analysis on each river in Wales and what the top polluter is on each river in Wales, and then a sliding scale of what the issues are. But the point is it doesn't matter. We have to fix all of the issues. So, we've been running a series, as you know, of summits and then task and finish groups coming out of the summits, where each sector has looked to put its own house in order and not throw brickbats at the others.

So, the First Minister has been very clear—and all of the sectors signed up to this—that what you have to do is look to see what your sector can do to improve its problems in contributing to water pollution. So, that is, of course, the water companies, and we're in the middle of the price review, which the UK Government needs to pay particular attention to because, at the moment, it's still insisting on bill payers picking up the tab for that and that's clearly the wrong way to do it. But of course, we have to make the investment that we need for our water reserves to be right for a whole range of reasons—water quality is one of them. But actually, we're about to face what is probably a very hot summer and a very dry summer, so we've already stood up our drought teams, for example.

So, these are very complex things. It's far too simplistic to say that if NRW were to prosecute everyone they sent a warning letter to, the problem would be solved overnight. It quite clearly would not. So, I would say to you: engage with the process, engage with the active participation of each of the sectors to put their own house in order, and that includes land use and agriculture; it includes water; it includes house builders; it includes food producers; it includes absolutely everyone who relies on and contributes to our water quality in Wales, because without everyone doing it, we will not get to where we want to be.

Thank you, but I think you've missed my question: 350 warning letters went to water companies, so, at the end of the day, perhaps the Minister wants to elaborate and tell me how many farmers you've sent warning letters to about pollution.

Now, when you hear that almost 0.5 million discharges have resulted in only six prosecutions, there can be little confidence in your own regulatory and enforcement regime. In fact, this is a problem that the Climate Change, Environment and Infrastructure Committee noted last year when we stated: 

'NRW must be able to respond timely and effectively to pollution incidents, and must be prepared to take enforcement action when permit breaches occur.'

You're not telling me that only six permit breaches have occurred in Wales. Even Dr Christian Dunn from Bangor University has said that altering the rules around sewage pollution would create rapid change. He wants water bosses to face criminal investigations if a company is responsible for dumping raw sewage into rivers and seas. I agree with the principle of tougher enforcement action if it saves our rivers. Do you?

Well, I think perhaps, Janet, you could actually listen to the answer instead of just reading out the question that you've got in front of you. I've just told you what we are doing in Wales to tackle our water quality. It was pretty straightforward stuff. So, of course I care about it—you know perfectly well that I do. But I am telling you that that is not the only solution—just prosecuting the water companies. You do not want me to prosecute everyone who has committed a pollution incident in Wales. We would commit huge amounts of resources to the prosecutions and it would have little or no effect on the actual water quality. You do not feed a pig by weighing it.

So, you have to get to the root cause of the problem. The root cause of the problem is that every single sector in Wales contributes something to water pollution and water quality. Every single sector in Wales has to pull its weight in putting that right. That absolutely includes NRW and both water companies, but it also includes all of the land users right along the banks of every single one of our catchments—every single one of them. So, that means the house builders, the councils, the parks, the farmers—absolutely everyone. All of those people must play their part in reducing pollution. I can show you the statistics if you like, but apart from one river in Wales, the top polluter for all of our rivers is agricultural land use. There's no getting away from that—it's the raw data; there's no getting away from it.

But of course the water companies have to play their part—of course they do. And as I said to you, we're in the middle of the price review. They have to be able to pay to be able to play their part; they have to be able to invest to be able to play their part, and unless the UK Government changes its stance on what that investment programme will look like, then the water companies will not be able to invest at the level they should be able to invest in any part of the UK. Because the current plan from the UK Government is that all that investment will go on to bills and the companies that are polluting that are dividend payers—which Welsh Water is not, of course—will then still be able to pay dividends out despite the fact they haven't got themselves into the position they want to be in. So, rather than concentrate on the end, on which I completely agree with you—people who do not put their house in order should be prosecuted, but we need them to put their house in order; I agree with that—people need to put their house in order. But, instead of concentrating on beating them with a stick, you need to concentrate on putting them into a position where they can in fact tackle the pollution at the front end.

Thank you. I have to say I actually disagree with your answer. It's not that I haven't listened to your answer, I have to agree with Dr Christian Dunn. Now, be that larger fines or criminal convictions, I believe it is timely to look at strengthening the current regulations when it comes to how water companies are operating. Nobody here should be able to defend 0.5 million situations. We need decisive action that proves that your Welsh Government is using its might in the fight against sewage. The Welsh Government needs to plunge the block on progress. Now, you yourself, Minister, promised us a report on storm overflows by March 2023. I am correct that we're now in June. Three months later, we are still waiting. Why, and for how much longer?

Minister, whilst you dismissed the fact that water companies should be facing tougher penalties and more prosecutions, will you at least have a look and review the side of NRW that is actually carrying out this enforcement action, just to see whether any actual enforcement fines have been missed? Thank you.

I'm very happy, Janet, to circulate to all Members of the Senedd the list of enforcement actions that have been taken by NRW. I'll very happily do that. But, just for you to understand what I'm talking about in terms of the contribution towards pollution, I have the list here. So, by SAC catchment: eastern Cleddau, by percentage, water 11 per cent, rural land use 84 per cent, storm overflows 2 per cent, 'other' 2 per cent, for example; western Cleddau, 22 per cent water, 65 per cent pollution, 5 per cent storm overflows, 8 per cent other; Dee, 34, 48, 11; Teifi 66, 30—that's the one that's different—3, 1; Usk, 21, 67, 1, 11; Wye, 23, 72, 2, 3. So, you're tilting at the wrong windmill.

[Inaudible.]—enforcements have gone out to farmers, then. Answer the question.

Farmers don't need a permit, of course, and that's one of the things we're currently looking at. If your party wants to suggest that all land-use users need to have a permit to put stuff on their land, you go ahead. I'd love for one of your spokespeople to get up right now and tell me that you think farmers should have a permit for putting stuff on their land.

I asked a question.

They can't be prosecuted because they don't need a permit, Janet.

The Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Delyth Jewell.

Diolch, Llywydd. I'd like to ask you, please, about some national issues that I think arise from what's happening in Ffos-y-fran mine in Merthyr. A few weeks ago, the local authority rejected an application for an opencast mine to continue operating. Campaigners, in the weeks since, have released footage seeming to show that mining has continued, and, last week, the local authority said that an enforcement notice had been given to the company, saying that it had to cease mining. But that will take effect on the twenty-seventh of this month, and the developer will then have an extra 28 days to comply, and there's the possibility of an appeal. So, there is a minimum of, I think, 56—. Well, from when the enforcement notice was released, there would have been a 56-day minimum period where more mining could continue past that date. Now, I realise you can't comment on individual cases like that, but could you set out whether you think, keeping in mind what's happened in Merthyr, the planning system we have is fit for purpose in that context, where a local authority can make a decision based partly on responding to the climate emergency, and a developer can find so many ways of ignoring or circumnavigating that decision?

I can't comment on that case. It's an ongoing case and, actually, the Welsh Ministers are party to the case. So, I can't.

But, it is a general tenet of planning law—and it's very difficult indeed to change this—that if you have an extant licence and you're subject to an appeal, you can continue to do the activity that you are appealing against while the appeal goes ahead. That is a standard point in planning law across the whole of the UK, as far as I know—I think it's true in Scotland as well—and for obvious reasons. Because, if you're building a house extension and a local authority serves an enforcement notice on you and you appeal that, you can continue to build that extension. It's not until the appeal comes to its end and is clarified by the court that you understand what the position is. It doesn't act as an injunction, effectively. So, that is just the standard position.

There are a number of other frustrating things about the planning system, which we are actively looking at. We have managed to change it for some of our new building regulations, but not for older ones. For example, once you start building a planning consent, you can carry on building it to the same standard for 100 years. We've managed to change that for new building regulations, but not for older ones. What we're looking to do is to try and make sure that you have some certainty when you get planning consent that you can build what you've been consented—because that's the problem, isn't it—and then if the rules change three years down the line and you're starting a new bit of the planning, that you have to comply with the new regulations. But you can see that if you're two thirds of the way through building a house, you can't retrofit it because the rules changed a third of the way in. So, it's a problem. I agree it's a problem. We are exploring a number of ways across Wales to see if we can clarify and simplify that, but it continues to be a problematic area.

Thank you for that, Minister. I wonder if thought could be given to seeing, where decisions are made planning-wise that are in the context of the climate and nature emergency, whether any change could be made or whether there's a global precedent for something like that happening. It would be interesting to know.

I'd like to ask you as well about the reclamation of land that's contaminated in cases like this—again, not specifically about this case, but arising from it. It's been known for years in this case—again, this case in Merthyr—that the mine was going to close, and there had been an understanding that millions should have been set aside for restoring the land and so on. After any project like this there should be training and transitioning provided for as well for the workforce. In Ffos-y-fran, there are significant questions as to whether there's enough money that is left for that restoration. My question to you is, on a national scale, firstly, please, how the Government prioritises the development of training programmes that would enable workers in fossil fuel-dependant sectors to transition into new jobs, and finally, what changes you think should be made—again, to the planning system—to ensure that developers are compelled to put right the damage done to land at the end of large-scale projects like this. I know this is something that you do care a lot about. Diolch. 

Thank you very much for that, Delyth. There are a number of things there. We've just issued, via Vaughan Gething's department but in conjunction with me and with my colleague Jeremy Miles, the net-zero skills plan, and that has sections in it about how to proactively retrain people who are in industries we know we want to phase out, so that we get the just transition that we talk about. We aren't in the business of putting whole communities out of work, as was done in the past, as industries change. So, we absolutely are looking to see how we can get those training programmes and opportunities in place. We talk constantly with the incoming green infrastructure bodies about how they can be sure to be recruiting people coming out of old industries and so on. So, we're absolutely looking very proactively at that.

In terms of the remediation of contaminated land brought about by industrial use, unfortunately we are often stuck with contracts that were signed back in the day when life was a very different thing. Again, I'm very carefully not commenting on the specific case, but there are a range of issues—where opportunities have been sold on or where accounts have not been maintained or where single-purpose vehicles have gone out of business, and so on, where company bonds are no longer effective—that we need to learn from. But it is extremely difficult to do that retrospectively. You can do it on an ongoing basis from now, but unfortunately a lot of those were things that were signed off in the previous century, so it's very difficult to see how you can change them proactively upfront.

Thank you, Mike. Protecting and enhancing our water environment is a priority for the Government. We are improving water quality by moving towards designation of inland bathing waters, strengthening river water quality monitoring and by maximising the benefits for nature through sustainable drainage systems. Natural Resources Wales is undertaking a project in the River Tawe to improve water quality, targeting the Swansea bay opportunity catchment.

Thank you. I have previously raised the problem of raw sewage entering from the Trebanos treatment works. People will probably be pleased to hear that I'm not going to do that again today. But we're in a period of prolonged dry weather, meaning water levels are unusually low. From American studies, we know that excessive phosphorus in surface water can cause explosive growth of aquatic plants and algae. This can lead to a variety of water quality problems, including low dissolved oxygen concentration, which can cause fish to die and harms other aquatic life. The link between agriculture, excess phosphorus and excess algal growth in freshwater ecosystems is well established. What action is the Welsh Government taking to measure and reduce phosphate levels in the River Tawe?

Thank you very much, Mike. Natural Resources Wales monitors the River Tawe's condition under the water framework directive regulations. The latest data from the Tawe has 'good' ecological status and I'm very pleased to say that Swansea bay also achieved an overall bathing water quality classification of 'good' in 2022 for the fourth consecutive year. At this point, Llywydd, I should say that that's obviously my own constituency as well.

NRW is working closely with Dŵr Cymru and Swansea Council to promote the green infrastructure solutions to reduce the silt pollution from construction sites, domestic misconnections, and impact on water quality from contaminated land. They will also increase the capacity of the main sewer system and help reduce the combined sewer overflow discharges right along the Tawe basin, Mike. Of the 58 water assets that discharge to the Tawe and its tributaries, 29 of them are scheduled for full investigation under the storm overflow assessment framework, seven of them have completed investigations and 22 are scheduled for completion during this investment period, so that's up to 2025 and then there'll be another plan for post 2025. I know you already know that. And I know you know about the Trebanos works as well. 

We've already stood up the drought action group for Wales. It's a timely reminder, Llywydd, that while we're all enjoying the very lovely weather that we've had over the last two weeks, I'm sure you will have noticed that water consumption goes up during periods of that sort, and whilst we were very lucky over this winter and most of our reservoirs were completely replenished or very nearly replenished, it really does not take very much for them to be back into the condition they were last year. There's apparently double the possibility of a very hot summer than usual this year. Although we're not currently predicting prolonged dry spells to go with that hot weather, it is a very timely reminder to people that husbanding water resources is something that you should do as a matter of course, all the time, because otherwise we will have severe problems, as Mike has outlined.

I agree with you, Minister, and others in this Chamber that river pollution does need to be addressed, and I agree with the comments of the First Minister that no single measure will solve this problem. I'm very interested in the work that's been going on within the summits that you've been having, because you've said to this Chamber on a number of occasions that there have been measures identified to deal with water pollution and how we can address it through natural measures and others. I'd like to know if you could outline what measures they are and when they're going to be implemented, because the sooner that we can do that, we can clean up our rivers and also unblock the planning system across Wales.

Thank you very much. It's very difficult to do that globally for Wales because, obviously, each catchment has a different set of solutions. But, by and large, the river basin management plans that we have in Wales give us a mechanism to identify and prioritise actions on the particular catchment. Then we have a whole series of working groups and action plans from the better river management quality groups and the nutrient management boards that work on all of our special areas of conservation rivers across Wales. Each of those has an action plan, signed up to at the summit, to work on the specific river catchment that they're looking at. So, those actions are ongoing.

The summit process is a summit chaired by the First Minister approximately twice a year. It's not exactly accurately twice a year, but approximately twice a year, co-chaired by me and Lesley Griffiths. And then there are individual action groups chaired by myself or Lesley Griffiths or the chair of Natural Resources Wales, on an ongoing basis, to make sure that the action plan is kept fresh and alive and that we're learning from each other. We also have a system in place to make sure that we aren't reinventing the wheel, so that nutrient management boards understand what each of them is doing and if they have work that can be shared across the piece then that's shared, and then we come together at the summit to make sure that the learning is shared across Wales.

As I've said on a number of occasions, multiple interventions are necessary. We are re-meandering, for example, in some areas where faster water flows, which were thought to be the solution at the end of the twentieth century, have proved to be very problematic. We have all the work that we are doing on combined sewage outflows, and some of the remediation that I just talked to Mike about on the Tawe is happening on a number of rivers across Wales. But we also have to address agricultural and land-use pollution, pollution from house builders, so we've got the sustainable drainage systems regime for that. One of the big issues we have is that we've allowed house building for years without a proper contribution to the sewerage network to go with those houses. And a lot of our cities are built on Victorian sewerage networks, which are not fit for purpose. So, you know, there isn't a short answer to your question; it's a complex set of intertwined actions right across Wales that we're working on to get us to where we all want to be.

Good afternoon, Minister. I note your responses to Janet Finch-Saunders, and I do think there is cross-party support for the position that you and the First Minister have taken, which is that all of the agencies are responsible for river pollution; there isn't one that we should single out and attack. And I note that the First Minister has said that he doesn't want to hear that another group is to blame, and I think there is cross-party support for that. I also agree, and I think most of us would agree, that it's about proactive action as well as reactive action. So, I wonder if I could ask you—and I do stand here a little bit in my tin hat—about the review for funding for NRW, because ultimately, in terms of the reactive responses, they are responsible, as I understand. We do know that they are struggling, so I wonder if you could just give us some information around the funding and the review that's going on around their ability to be able to carry that out effectively. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Certainly, Jane. A very good question, as well. We did a baseline review with NRW that allowed them to give us unit costs for the very first time. And off the back of the unit costs, we've been able to work with them to build up what is possible with what level of funding across the piece. We've been able to help them prioritise what they should prioritise, given the funding envelope. We've just come through the worst budget round that I've ever experienced in the Welsh Government, so it's obviously in that context.

Yesterday, I had the privilege of being one of the invited speakers at the launch of NRW's new corporate plan. I don't say this lightly, Llywydd, because corporate plans are often a difficult read—something you approach with a heavy heart, late at night, that you have to get through—but it's genuinely an uplifting read. That and the new corporate plan for Bannau Brycheiniog, I hope, are the new standard for corporate plans. If Members haven't read it, it's genuinely worth reading. It is actually quite a page turner; I started with a heavy heart and found that I was actively enjoying reading it. And it's because they've done it completely differently; they've put their visions and their mission front and centre of it and then they've talked about nature and people thriving together all the way through, and they've related each one of their activities back to it in a way that I think has really put a bit of oomph and hope through the whole of the organisation, rather than the kind of embattled feel that they had before, and I really welcome that. I think that is as a result of an improved relationship with NRW, because of the joint working that we've done. NRW are wholly owned by the Welsh Government; we're not adversaries, they're our delivery arm. And I think the new relationship with them has really made a difference. So, on an ongoing basis, we will continue to review where they put their resource and how we can feed more resource in. My colleague Lesley Griffiths has just put more resource in for the agricultural pollution regulations monitoring, for example. And together, I think we can get our set of priorities calibrated in the right way.

You've given us a weather forecast for the summer and a reading list for the summer now, Minister. [Laughter.] 

Question 4, Russell George.

Thank you, Russell. The Welsh Government does not support shooting of live animals or birds as a leisure activity. However, we absolutely understand that the control of certain species is sometimes necessary for wildlife management purposes such as to prevent serious damage to sensitive sites or species.

Thank you for your answer, Minister. A few weeks ago during my colleague James Evans's short debate on shooting and conservation, I intervened on you to ask you a straightforward question and you said to me that you would come to answer my question later in your contribution. You then went on not to answer my question and refused to take a second intervention. So, I hope that I can now ask you the same question again. So, yes, of course I'm aware of responses to my colleagues and others when you've outlined that you don't and the Welsh Government doesn't support activities linked with shooting. However, I know that there are a number of events that the Welsh Government does support. The Welsh Government supports a number of agricultural shows that are linked to the shooting of game, so the Welsh Government does financially support events that are connected to the shooting of game. So, can I ask for some clarification on what the Welsh Government's policy is on financially supporting events connected with the shooting of live game?

We absolutely do provide support for the game meat industry, which is an important industry in Wales and the rural environment, and the Welsh Government has supported that for some years. I personally think, and I think quite a lot of people in Wales think, there's a big difference between having to kill something because you want to eat it or put it into the food chain and taking some pleasure or leisure activity part in that. I think there's quite a big dividing line between those two things, and that is the distinction I was drawing, Russell. So, I personally do not think that it is edifying to watch somebody actively enjoy killing something. If you have to kill it, for various reasons, then you should do so with a heavy heart, and that is the position that I currently maintain. That does not mean we do not support a game meat industry in Wales; of course we do. Of course, we support a large number of meat industries, which require the killing of animals in order to exist, but we think that those animals should be killed as swiftly and as humanely as possible, and not because you're enjoying yourself.

Question 5 [OQ59618] has been withdrawn. Question 6, Tom Giffard.

Thank you, Tom. It's the responsibility of each local planning authority to assess the need for housing in their area and, based on this evidence, to establish a housing requirement within their local development plan.

Thank you, Minister, for your answer, and you'll know, I'm sure, the Welsh Government estimated between 6,200 and 8,300 additional dwellings will need to be built annually just to meet current housing demand. But with significant historic lack of supply in the market, it does raise the question of whether that target is ambitious enough in the first place. Even so, some councils are still consistently even failing to hit these house building targets. For instance, Bridgend County Borough Council promised in their LDP to build 505 homes per year, but, since the publication of that LDP, they've failed to hit that target once, and, last year, only managed half of it. And we know the consequences of that inaction, Minister: a lack of supply in the market drives up the cost of new homes for people, particularly younger people, who desperately need them, who want to start their lives and get on the housing ladder. But, to me, it doesn't seem to be that there are many consequences for councils from the Welsh Government for those councils that don't meet those LDP obligations that they've set out in the first place, so what action have you taken against councils who consistently fail to meet those LDP targets, where they're unwilling or unable to do that, and what consideration have you given to encouraging councils, if they get to the end of an LDP process and they've not met the target they've set out, to force them to put even more houses into their next LDP? Thank you.

Thank you, Tom. That's quite a complicated set of interventions that we undertake. The LDP estimate for housing is, of course, for all housing, combined-use housing. So, we then divide it into what we fund—so, the houses we fund are houses for social rent and some affordable and mixed-use housing—and houses that are brought forward by the private sector, some of which also, of course, become social or affordable housing.

We did an exercise with every local authority in Wales over the last couple of years—it might have been three; I don't quite remember, but over the last few years—where we went through the allocated housing land in each LDP and asked why it wasn't possible to bring it forward, because in some LDPs there had been land allocated that hadn't been brought forward for very many years, and it became obvious that this was land that was never going to be suitable for housing. In places where we found that the land was suitable for housing but had barriers—so, it had contaminated land, or it had specific access problems and so on—we put two grant-funded schemes in place: so, the stalled sites funding and the—I can't remember the other one—contaminated land one—it's not called that, but that's what it's for—basically to de-risk some of the land to be able to bring it forward.

But we've also been working—. Because of the phosphates issue in Wales, we have a large number of planning applications stuck behind the phosphates issue. We've been working with the house builders in Wales, and with local authorities affected—I don't think Bridgend is one of those, but, anyway, quite a few authorities in Wales are—to work out how we can bring those sites forward with specific solutions to those kinds of issues on those sites. And then we ask the local authorities to revisit their LDPs and redo their local housing assessment allocation if we think it's not working in the way that it ought to. So, there are a number of different interventions that we undertake to assist the local authority to make sure that it does have the right allocations in its land in a sustainable way and that enable us to bring it forward.

And then the last thing is that we've been working with central Government for pretty much the whole of this Senedd's life trying to bring forward a vacant land tax. That's proved far more problematic than we'd hoped, because what we hoped was to be able to make sure that people didn't land bank, and so that allocated sites for LDPs actually were actively being progressed, rather than land banked against increased prices.

Thank you. As the Member knows, Denbighshire council as the highway authority is responsible for road safety in their county. Since 2019, we have provided them with over £1 million of road safety funding. This year, their funding will include over £197,000 to implement the new default 20 mph speed limit—the biggest road safety initiative in a generation.

Thank you very much for your response, Deputy Minister, this afternoon. The reason I ask this question is because I want to raise the issue of the B5119, and if you’re thinking, ‘Well, what’s the B5119?’, it’s known locally as the dizzy bends, and it’s a narrow road that links Rhyl and Prestatyn. The area has seen significant housing development over the last 25, 30 years, but the road itself hasn’t been developed since the days of horse and cart, unfortunately. So, as a result of the development, obviously as a consequence of that, we’ve seen the increase of traffic using the B5119. I know, as a Welsh Government, you’ve committed to banning road building under the roads review, but I just want to distinguish the difference between road building and road safety, and what negotiations you could possibly have with Denbighshire County Council to make widening the road and road safety improvements a possibility for the B5119, as over the last few years, we’ve seen an increase in near misses and a fatality that unfortunately happened last year. So, on behalf of my constituents, can I ask you what possibilities we can look at in terms of improving that road safety for the dizzy bends, as we call it locally?

Thank you very much for the question. Every time I hear the Conservative benches misrepresenting our policy I get a case of the dizzy bends. Just to be explicit, for the fifteenth time, we are not banning road building. We are building new roads now, we will continue to build new roads, we've agreed with Gwynedd Council to build a new road in Llanbedr. So, I appreciate it's a nice little issue for them to put on social media, but it is completely untrue. The Member doesn't even blush when he trots out this misrepresentation time and time again. It's not true. Just to be very clear, okay? We're not banning new roads. So I hope that that is now understood by all.

We are applying a new roads policy based on the independent roads review, and in cases of road safety, it says that we need to go through a process, and one of the first things we should be doing, before looking to infrastructure changes like widening roads, he says, or increasing the speed of roads, we should be looking to cut the speed of roads as a first step to make roads safer and to reduce the likelihood of cars crashing. 

Now, I believe this is a road that is the responsibility of the local authority, and he needs to address the road safety concerns with them, and they're able to apply to us in the normal way, within our new roads policy framework, which does not include banning new roads. 

Thank you for the question, Llyr. 

Local planning authorities have a duty to prepare a local development plan, as set out in the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. Following adoption of a strategic development plan by a corporate joint committee, local planning authorities within that region will be required to prepare a lighter touch LDP.

Yes, thank you for that, because a lot of people are asking how things might be different in a future scenario. Because you will know about the current impasse in Wrexham, where Wrexham council now finds itself in a position where a consortium of developers, actually, have issued a legal challenge against the council for voting not to adopt its LDP. Now, the council will be voting again next week on whether to reverse that earlier decision because, now, of the threat that a judge could force the LDP on them against the wishes of democratically elected representatives, and what that says about the concept of local democracy, I’m not sure. Will you accept that this mess has been a long time in the making? I’ve raised it—I raised it back in 2012, of course, when the Welsh Government and the planning inspectorate first refused, or insisted that the council submit a second LDP. I’m coming back again to a point that was touched upon earlier in relation to numbers of houses; they were forced to inflate the numbers of housing in the LDP. Now, those have turned out to be totally at odds with reality. Wrexham’s population is decreasing, not increasing, and to many local people, in the current circumstances, they feel that the Welsh Government, the planning inspectorate, are working hand in glove with large property developers to force this housing on a community that clearly doesn't want it. So, will you accept some responsibility for this mess? And, more importantly, in light of what's coming down the line with a lighter touch LDP, et cetera, will you work with the council to try and resolve this situation, rather than what feels like just allowing developers to have their way?

So, Llyr, I would very much like to have a discussion with you about where we are on the Wrexham LDP, but I fear, Llywydd, that we are right in the middle of a series of judicial review processes, which the Welsh Government is a party to. Therefore, I fear that I cannot discuss it on the floor of the Senedd. But, if the Member wants to request a private conversation with me, I am more than happy to do that. I will say this, though, Llyr: I don't think that your characterisation of what's happened in Wrexham is entirely fair, and I would very much like the opportunity to have a proper discussion with you about it.

And finally question 9. Cefin Campbell.

Diolch. Transport for Wales is taking forward work under the co-operation agreement between the Welsh Government and Plaid Cymru on transport links between north and south Wales, including travel corridors on the west coast of Wales, on an integrated transport system for north-west Wales, and on our metro developments.

Thank you very much. I want to focus specifically on the St Clears station in Carmarthenshire, but I will return to that in just a second. Everyone in this Chamber will understand, of course, the importance of developing the railway in mid and west Wales in order to connect people in these rural areas. It's important for many reasons, of course, and we've heard you talk about that on a number of occasions.

It will encourage people to make less use of private vehicles if we can upgrade our stations in these areas and develop the railway. It will also respond to the climate emergency agenda. It will also boost the economy, including tourism, of course, and will encourage more active travel. So, in terms of St Clears station specifically, I know that an estimate of costs has been made, and around half of the costs have already been contributed by the Westminster department for transport. But there is a gap of some £6 million, as I understand it. So, what's the latest news—if you could share that with us—in terms of the Welsh Government's contribution to meet these costs in order to ensure that there is a fit-for-purpose station in St Clears?

Thank you. Well, as the Member has said, the Welsh Government want to see a station in St Clears as part of an upgrade of our overall public transport system, for the reasons that he very articulately set out. He's also right that the costs of the St Clears proposal have increased significantly, as indeed have all infrastructure projects, and our capital budget has simultaneously been cut by 8 per cent in real terms by the Conservative Government as part of their chosen  austerity drive. So, there is a gap, as you said.

We are in discussions with Hywel Dda health board, as part of their planning for a new west Wales hospital. A station in St Clears could be an important part of that, and how we look to include that within the planning and the budgeting of that hospital—. But in the short term, we do have a financial gap without a very clear way of addressing it. These are conversations that are ongoing with Network Rail and the UK Government.  

I thank the Deputy Minister and the Minister.

The next item, therefore is questions to the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language, and the first question is from Peredur Owen Griffiths. 

The promotion of Welsh-medium education underpins our 'Cymraeg 2050' strategy. I have agreed local authority Welsh in education strategic plans to support this work. We are implementing an ambitious Welsh workforce plan and funding organisations and various projects to support promotion activity across the country.

Thank you very much for that response. I hope that the census data of 2021, as well as the warnings set out in the culture and Welsh language committee, will be an incentive to take action with regard to Welsh-medium education and the learning of the Welsh language. There aren't enough teachers to teach the Welsh language and Welsh-medium teachers to teach in our schools and colleges. On top of that, the number of Welsh speakers is declining, according to the census figures. Unfortunately, the downward trend is particularly prominent amongst young people in my region, particularly in Blaenau Gwent. Without a doubt, the target of reaching a million Welsh speakers by 2050 will be harder to meet or will be missed entirely without radical steps being taken and more ambitious steps being taken. Minister, do you acknowledge that the situation is concerning as it currently stands, and are you confident that we can turn a corner to see the situation improving? Also, how do you intend to tackle, particularly in south-east Wales, the shortage of Welsh-medium teachers and teachers able to teach through the medium of Welsh that exists in primary and second education? Thank you.

I thank the Member for the question. The census figures, of course, do demonstrate a decline in some age groups, but as the Member will know, we've also been looking at the national survey data, which shows, for the first time, in the same period, an increase in numbers. So, we need to do some work to look at what the data from both sources tell us. We've agreed with the official national statistician that there will be a work programme undertaken to tackle that. It's very important that we have reliable data as a Government, so that we can understand the context. So, that work is very important indeed.

I was, of course, disappointed with the census results, although there might be broader reasons for them. I am confident that we have a good plan in place to reach that challenging target, as the Member recognises, it is very ambitious. Teacher numbers, of course, are at the heart of the success of the Welsh-medium education strategy. Increasing the number of Welsh-medium teachers is crucial if we want to see more learners in Welsh-medium education. We have a 10-year plan, and thanks to all the partners and stakeholders who've worked with us on that, a number of creative steps have been taken.

The Member is right in saying that there are areas within his region where that decline appears to be at its worst, so there's specific work to be done in that regard. We're pleased to have been able to approve funding for a Welsh-medium education promotion champion to work regionally, focused specifically on the south-east of Wales. This is in collaboration between the mentrau iaith and the local authorities, and if that is successful, we will look to expand that at a national level.

Minister, sometimes it does feel that we're falling into the trap of thinking that Welsh is about to die out, when, truth be told, figures published by The Scotsman newspaper demonstrate that there are over 15 times more Welsh speakers than there are of Scottish Gaelic, and Wales has almost half the population of Scotland. So, we do need to be more optimistic about the language and its future, particularly as we move towards Cymraeg 2050. With this in mind, how is the Welsh Government looking to be more positive and optimistic in its own wording when it tries to encourage more teachers to join the workforce and teach through the medium of Welsh? Thank you.

I am an optimist by nature, so I agree with what the Member has just said. I think it is important, although we often discuss the challenges in terms of recruitment and so on, that we also celebrate the contribution that teachers can make and the demand for Welsh-medium teachers, and that we encourage people to come into the profession, because teaching is one of those rare professions where you can have a very substantial impact on the course of hundreds if not thousands of lives and encourage people to learn Welsh.

Enabling more children to walk, scoot and cycle to school is a key priority for the Welsh Government, and we are working closely across departments and with other partners to achieve this aim.

Thank you, Minister. I recently visited Pencoed Primary School—another example of the largest ever investment in schools in Ogmore, and across Wales, indeed. As I arrived, I saw 30 or more bikes and scooters in the all-weather storage outside the school. The head, Mr Raymond, explained that staff and governors at the school are working with parents and the children to encourage walking, cycling and scooting to school. This happens more often now, thanks to huge investment made by the Welsh Government in safe routes to school and active travel facilities in schools too. But we need to do more. We need to get every school to do more of this, and all of our children, and teachers and governors and parents, have to be a part of that. So, as we celebrate the hundredth National Bike Week, which celebrates a centenary of cycling every day for everyone, what message will the Minister send to schools across Wales, and what further practical steps can the Welsh Government take so that our pupils derive the benefits to their health and well-being, there is less congestion on our roads because there will be fewer school runs, and our air is cleaner for everyone?

I thank Huw Irranca-Davies for the opportunity to encourage our schools across Wales to do everything that they can to encourage not just pupils, but, as he said so very importantly in his question, school staff too, governors, and the wider community too, in their engagement with the school, to use alternative forms of transport in accessing the school. And may I thank him for the work that he's been doing as chair of the cross-party group in this area, which has encouraged many of the things that we have in mind—investment in schools is more and more reliant on having active travel programmes of the kind that he described in place, but also new resources on Hwb to support schools and the school community to do everything that they can in the way that he set out in his question, and the excellent investment in the School Streets programme, which is making a significant difference, I hope, to make it easier for schools to make use of active travel to school? And may I also thank him for reminding us that it's Bike Week? I'll be cycling to work tomorrow to celebrate that week.

Minister, while any move to encourage active travel by school pupils is to be welcomed, we also have to address the fact that, quite often, safe active travel routes don't exist for many children. I have often raised the fact that, in my own village of Pen-y-fai, we have very few safe active travel routes. We also have an issue where pupils living within the walking or wheeling distance of a school are not guaranteed entry into that school, with the allocated school often unsuitable for active travel for younger children. Minister, how are the Welsh Government working across departments, in collaboration with local authorities, to ensure that active travel is a viable option for Welsh school pupils?

I refer Altaf Hussain to the answer I just gave to Huw Irranca-Davies, which I think sets out the steps that we are taking. On the question about routes to school and making it easy for people to be able to use walking, cycling and scooting to get to the physical location of the school, we're encouraging local authorities—he asked me what we're doing with local authorities—we're encouraging local authorities to introduce School Streets, which I just mentioned in my answer to Huw Irranca-Davies. And they involve road closures around schools at the start and the end of the school day, in order to improve conditions for walking and cycling and scooting, reducing air pollution, obviously, improving road safety, also obviously. We've funded authorities to bring forward plans to do this; 13 authorities have been awarded funding to do that, and we've invested almost £5 million on those plans. I think it's a very exciting development, to make it as easy as possible for people to get to school using active travel options.

Questions now from party spokespeople. The Conservative spokesperson first of all—Laura Anne Jones.

Diolch, Llywydd. Minister, I want to ask you about a seemingly hidden crisis within our Welsh schools. Thousands of violent incidents in primary schools, and hundreds in secondary schools, have been recorded in Wales. The University of Roehampton, in London, recently published a report into violence towards teaching and classroom assistants in mainstream UK schools. The report found that 53 per cent of teachers and TAs had experienced physical violence in a year, and 60 per cent had experienced verbal abuse. After submitting freedom of information requests to all the councils in Wales, my office and I managed to find the Welsh results; however, there were a few councils where it wasn't possible. Minister, since 2018-19, there have been 3,872 violent incidents recorded in our schools across Wales that we know of, and this doesn't include verbal abuse. My question to you is: why hasn't the Welsh Government addressed this issue and has allowed it to escalate in this manner?

She'll know from her work on the committee that the Government has been working with teaching unions in relation to this very question, and it is an important question. What has not been entirely clear is the scale of the issue. She has some figures there, but, as she points out herself, it's not entirely clear that that is the full picture, or that what is being reported reflects the context as well. I had a meeting yesterday, actually, where I discussed with teaching unions, with the Welsh Local Government Association, with local authorities, what we can do to understand both the scale of the issue—. She'll remember from the correspondence that the committee received from Unison that they had a survey that showed 41 per cent of their members had some experience, across a range of behaviours. And this had not, in fact, been discussed previously at the school partnership forum, so I asked for it to be brought forward. We had a good and positive discussion yesterday. There are some emerging themes about why there may be an increase in the numbers, and there certainly is a trend to show an increase. What isn't yet clear is exactly the reasons why, and the exact scale of it, but we are working with our partners to understand that and make sure that the support is there for teachers, if it's not already there. 

Thank you, Minister, and I'm glad that something is finally starting to be done about it, because, with Wales already experiencing a Welsh Government-made teaching number crisis, thanks to consecutive lacklustre Welsh Government efforts, it is clear to me that violence is going to push people away from the profession. Minister, instead of bringing the issue to the fore, your Government has allowed it to quietly spiral in the background for decades now. To make this worse, in Wales, we have no reporting standard—which I'm sure you'll be aware of from your meetings yesterday—and no requirement to report abuse or violence in the classroom. So, Minister, the stats I read out to you are just the tip of the iceberg, and the actual picture, as you said just now, is probably far, far worse. So, why hasn't the Government introduced a reporting standard across Wales, and why is there no requirement yet to even report violent incidents in the classroom?

Well, they are reported; the question is what they're being reported as. And there will be, certainly, examples when they are not reported. So, I obviously accept that. That is a feature of reporting requirements across the board in other contexts as well. What we need to understand is what is the scale of the issue and why is it happening. There are particular pressures in schools at the moment, partly caused by the response to COVID and some behaviour challenges that have arisen, no doubt, as a consequence of that. What we need to do is work together with our partners to understand the issue in its entirety, so that we can respond fully then, and that's obviously what we're doing, as I mentioned. 

Thank you, Minister. I know you're always keen for me to bring ideas to the floor of the Senedd to help you, so here we go. You said here, just now, that we need to understand the scale of the problem. So, why don't you host a national summit on violence in schools, secondly, issue new guidance to teachers, staff and school leaders, (3) reform exclusion procedures, so that pupils who are excluded then go on to receive the support they actually need, (4) ensure extra funding for meaningful interventions to support victims and perpetrators of violence, and (5) create a national helpline to support teachers and staff who are afraid to report violence and disruption? So, Minister, will you agree to look at those suggestions that I have made today, and finally give the issue the attention this clearly deserves? Our students deserve better, and our teachers deserve better. Thank you. 

Well, thank you to the Member for bringing some positive suggestions to the discussion; I absolutely welcome the new tone in her contribution. So, what we will be doing is working with our partners who are the experts in the field on this—so, with our teaching union partners, with our local education authority partners, and with other experts, to understand the points that I made earlier in my previous answers to the Member. It is an important issue, and we all want to understand, together, what is happening and why, so that we can have an informed response to that.

She made a particular point about exclusions. She'll know that, earlier in the week, I issued the attendance guidance for consultation. Alongside that, there is already work happening in relation to exclusions to refresh that guidance, and it will encompass some of the points that she's actually made today. So, that work is already under way, and I'll be very happy to update the Senedd on that work in due course. 

Plaid Cymru spokesperson now—Sioned Williams. 

Thank you, Llywydd. Good afternoon, Minister. The Higher Education Statistics Agency data for 2021-22, which was released recently, shows a further education sector in Wales that finds it difficult to cope with increased costs. The end of this academic year has been dominated by concerns about energy prices and inflation, industrial action over wages and pensions, concerns about hardship among students, and the value of the home fees cap in Wales is declining swiftly, and the sector has been having to cut back on expenditure to make savings in the face of frozen fees for several years. The inevitable result of this is that staff have to face doing more without the proportionate increase in wages or resources. It’s only through increasing income through recruitment that providers can maintain their current capacity, but without the ability to invest to ensure that students receive a high-quality experience, it is a vicious cycle.

So, can the Minister outline what steps the Welsh Government is taking to tackle this income gap, this concerning gap, which is demonstrated in the HESA figures for universities in Wales? How are you going to support higher education institutions in Wales as a result of this in future?

And, Llywydd, I should have declared an interest that my husband is employed by Swansea University.

Well, I don’t know if the Member was criticising me for not increasing fees; I don’t intend to do so. It’s a difficult time for students at the moment, and I’m certain that we need to support institutions, but we also need to ensure that students don’t pay more too. So, the budget for the sector this year is around some £212 million, so it is a very substantial budget. We’ve done our very best to ensure, given the huge pressures on Welsh Government budgets, that we continue to prioritise investment in our higher education institutions, and that’s what we have done this year. I don’t for a moment doubt the points that the Member has made; they are important points. There is pressure on our institutions, as there is elsewhere in society and our economy. I am in ongoing discussions with our vice-chancellors at the moment to see what the implications of this are, and what more we can do together in order to work differently, recognising that the financial pressures upon us are very real indeed, and those discussions have been creative and encouraging and will continue.

Diolch. The Government’s youth work strategy states clearly the important role of youth work to Wales, to promote and actively encourage opportunities for all young people, in order that they may fulfil the potential as empowered individuals and as members of groups and the community, thereby improving their life chances. Welsh Government have invested in this strategy and its youth work implementation board is committed to promoting youth work as a profession and as a career. It’s therefore concerning and disappointing that Wrexham university has officially withdrawn its undergraduate youth and community work programme, and, as a result of this, there is now no coherent route from the level 3 youth work support qualification to professional qualification in north and mid Wales; only a Master of Arts provision will remain. There’s widespread concern about this in the sector; the MA, they say, is unsuitable for many of the potential undergraduate candidates who come up through work in their local communities. Graduates from Wrexham mostly go on to practice in the north of Wales, and training elsewhere runs the risk of them remaining in the south of Wales or even elsewhere in the UK, and then also, of course, unable to benefit from local Welsh-medium opportunities across the region. So, could you please outline what discussions you’ve had with Wrexham university regarding the withdrawal of this undergraduate programme, and what assessment has been made by the Government of how the withdrawal impacts the number of undergraduates who go on to practice professional youth and community work in north and mid Wales?

Well, the Member’s right to point out that supporting and strengthening youth work provision across Wales is a priority for me as a Minister, but also it’s a cross-Government priority. It’s part of our programme for government, and that involves a number of things. It involves seeking to review the funding structure for youth work provision right across Wales, which is, I think, variable in different parts of Wales. We’ve made significant financial commitments as well to the sector. The work of the implementation board is really extremely valuable, and continues to help lead the way through the reforms that we are seeking to undertake, and we’re also—as the Member will know—looking at the legislative basis for youth work service provision right across Wales. I have not myself had discussions in relation to the particular undergraduate course that she refers to in her question. Obviously, the provision of courses is a matter for universities as autonomous institutions themselves, but I will seek to find out more in relation to that particular course, and I’m very happy to write to the Member in light of that.

I will indeed. As with all staffing matters, of course, schools are responsible for making decisions on how they recruit teaching assistants. Decisions will differ depending on the individual needs of the school and its learners. Schools are able to employ cover staff directly or they can engage them via their local authority or an employment agency.

In February 2022, you announced the creation of a teaching assistant professional learning steering group to develop further resources for school leaders and governors on the deployment of TAs. I understand that the steering group has been considering the issue of minimum entry requirements for TAs as part of its work—if you can confirm that's the case. And it's been brought to my attention from a constituent of mine that some agencies are advertising TA vacancies in schools for pupils with ALN that require no qualifications at all, and we are a little concerned about that. Can you please comment on this and provide an update on the work of the steering group on the issue of minimum entry requirements, and when that steering group is likely to report on that issue?

We had a discussion yesterday, in fact, at the meeting that I referred to yesterday in relation to the progress that is being made by that group, and it's very much got teaching assistants at the heart of it and leading some aspects of it, which I think is a really important feature of it. It's been looking at a range of aspects. Deployment is one aspect, and terms and conditions more broadly, and how we can standardise an approach to recruitment, employment and deployment between the different local authorities in Wales. And, as the Member was asking in his question, a significant part of the work has been enhancing professional learning and training for teaching assistants. Teaching assistants now have the same entitlement as teachers to the national professional learning entitlement, and the funding that is made available to schools to support professional learning now takes account of the number of teaching assistants on the school roll, as well as the number of teachers. So, there is a marked shift, I think, in the support provided to teaching assistants from a professional learning perspective. The group is also looking at questions to do with qualifications, as the Member knows. We already have a training programme through the teaching assistants learning pathway, which provides career progression for teaching assistants. One of the considerations is around professional qualifications more broadly. I'm afraid I don't know the date for the report on that aspect off the top of my head, but I'm happy to provide the Member with that particular piece of information separately. He'll remember that I gave an update to the Senedd on the work of the workforce implementation group more broadly a few months ago, and I'll be looking to do that periodically over coming months as well.

Can I thank Hefin David for tabling this question? As a former agency teaching assistant myself, as the Minister knows, I'm particularly pleased that you tabled this today. If the Minister will indulge me on a short but brisk walk down memory lane, Minister, you'll have a seen a very happy time for me, but one instance in particular I just wanted to draw your attention to today. Obviously, as a teaching assistant employed by an agency, I was paid on a daily rate, and on one particular day it snowed and the headteacher had judged it to be unsafe and so had sent the children home at lunch time. What that meant was that I was only paid half a day's pay on that day, which really threw off, obviously, weekly budgets and other considerations, and I had had all the same expenses in travelling back and forth to the school on that day as well. Obviously, I understand that you haven't got powers over employment law, but you do have powers over guidance that you can issue to headteachers and school leaders when making decisions like that. So, can I ask what steps you've taken in this field to ensure that no other teaching assistants in the future have to go through what I went through, all those years ago?

The Member makes a very important point, and more powerfully so for having been based on his own experience of it, of course. He's right to say I don't have direct powers in relation to it, but the reason I launched this work programme over a year ago is because of stories like the Member has just given and experience of variable practice, both between schools and certainly between local education authorities as well. The point of the work is to result in guidance in relation to many of those questions, questions to do with terms and conditions, progression, but also that will provide a basis, I think, for us to be able to progress on the question of pay as well, which is absolutely paramount, both from the experience of each individual teaching assistant, but also to make sure that we have a teaching assistant workforce to do the fantastic work that they do in our schools.

The Welsh Government continues to grow the school holiday enrichment programme, SHEP, and £4.85 million has been allocated for the programme for this year. The Deputy Minister for Social Services and I work closely to ensure alignment between SHEP and the Playworks holiday programme, which is run by play and childcare providers.

I'm grateful for that answer, Minister, and for the support you offer schools. Ysgol Pen Coch in Flintshire have an ambition as a school to run a holiday club as well, but they do, as a school, face additional challenges. I wonder, with what you've said there, is there any additional support the Welsh Government could provide schools, like Ysgol Pen Coch, to deliver holiday club provision. And I wonder whether you could ask either your officials in the education department or the Deputy Minister's officials in the health and social services department to look into the specific case of Ysgol Pen Coch. And if they could report back to me on that as well, that would be great.

I'm happy to do that, Llywydd. Generally speaking, where a school is interested in running a holiday club, they will contact their local authority in the first instance, and then local authorities can put them in contact with other providers who might be interested in working together with them. In terms of the Food and Fun school holiday enrichment programme, I'll make sure that my officials work with the Welsh Local Government Association to make sure that the school has whatever information that it needs in order to be able to take that forward.

I've also been contacted by constituents regarding Ysgol Pen Coch, which is the only publicly funded primary school for disabled children in Flintshire, where lots of the pupils have autism and related conditions or complex needs, and at which a holiday club would make a huge difference to the well-being of pupils and their families. However, as we've heard, this school, unlike other schools in the county, doesn't have provision for a holiday club, where, I'm told by constituents, this would be much more costly than in a mainstream school, and they lack the funding and the expertise, leaving parents and governors to take it on, which is unrealistic. And, as they say, children in specialist schools are being treated differently to children in mainstream schools, when their behaviours and improvements need this provision more and needs to be addressed. So, what, if any, specific requirement, therefore, exists for such provision within primary schools in general and in specialist primary schools for pupils with additional learning needs in particular?

Well, I hope the answer that I just gave to Jack Sargeant provides some reassurance to the Member that I will ask my officials to work with the WLGA to support schools specifically, to understand what the particular barriers are and how best they can be addressed at a school level.

I've committed £6.6 million over the reminder of this Senedd term to expand immersion provision across Wales. Almost £1 million is being invested over a three-year period to establish new provisions in Rhondda Cynon Taf and in the Vale of Glamorgan, and to significantly expand provision in Cardiff.

Thank you very much. I know that we are entirely agreed on the value of immersion. We've all reflected previously on people from Ukraine who have taken advantage of that provision and become fluent in the Welsh language. But there's huge variation in provision at the moment. In my own region, in the Vale of Glamorgan, thanks to the investment of the Welsh Government, a child can be for 12 weeks at school, from Monday to Thursday, whereas the experience in RCT at the moment is perhaps an hour a day, which is a huge difference. So, what I would like to see is how we ensure that immersion, and genuine immersion, so that children and young people can have the opportunity to be able to speak Welsh—. How can we ensure that it isn't a postcode lottery, and that we can provide the same kind of offer, be that in the Vale of Glamorgan, in Cardiff or RCT, which make up the three areas in terms of local authorities in my region?

Well, the encouraging news is that every authority has bid for some of this funding, and a certain amount has been provided to every authority. But the truth is that every part of Wales is in a different place in terms of its journey in providing late immersion. Some authorities have been doing this for decades, and innovating, and others are following their example. So, I don't think it's realistic today to expect provision to be consistent across Wales, but what I would like to see as part of the provisions within the Bill—and we've been consulting on this as part of the White Paper along with Plaid Cymru, as the Member will know—is what we can do to ensure that late immersion is available in all local authorities and that local authorities proactively promote the benefits of that so that the availability is more prominent to people and that the provision is more consistent over time.

Minister, as if with perfect timing, the Chair has just come in from the culture, sport and Welsh language committee, as they've just issued a report on the ability of schools to, obviously, offer the Welsh education that allows the language to flourish in our school settings, and part of that report identifies the ability for teachers to take sabbaticals to build up their Welsh language skills. The figure that is estimated that would be required is in the region of 17,000 teachers across Wales signing up to that sabbatical programme. Is that a figure you recognise? And, if it is a figure the Government recognises, what efforts are you making to promote the ability for teachers to take those training opportunities and ultimately grow the ability for the Welsh language to be received either in English-medium schools, or obviously in Welsh language schools?

Well, the Member makes an important point at the end there that it's not solely about teachers in the Welsh-medium sector; it's also about teachers teaching Welsh in English-medium schools as well. I think we need to be clear that there's a range of need across the system. I don't accept that the only way of making sure we reach that target is through the sabbatical scheme, though I do accept that it's a significant contribution to the progress that we want to make, but it simply won't work in all circumstances, and it certainly isn't the only way of making that progress. Our commitment to the sabbatical scheme is absolutely clear; we've continued the funding for it, and I'll look to do that, obviously, in future years as well. When you go to see—. I've had the opportunity to go and talk to classes of teachers, in primary generally, who have experienced that opportunity not just to learn Welsh and to teach through Welsh, but that kind of approach to pedagogy through the medium of Welsh that they learn. It's absolutely fascinating to see it happening, and it's obviously a very successful way of being able to increase the numbers able to teach Welsh. But, as I say, it's only one of the ways of doing that.

Question 6 [OQ59606] has been withdrawn. Question 7, Tom Giffard.

We work closely with local authorities to support them in the implementation of their Welsh in education strategic plans to ensure that all learners in Wales have access to quality Welsh-medium education, and we have plans in place to ensure that that happens.

Thank you very much for your response, Minister. I know that you agree with me about the importance of good quality Welsh-medium education at every stage of life, and you'll be aware of the Estyn report from November on teaching adults in a community partnership in Swansea, which highlighted that the Welsh language isn't incorporated in the curriculum in Swansea, that very few learners practise, use or develop their skills through the medium of Welsh as part of the provision there, and that the partnership doesn't evaluate learner outcomes and targets at the end of the study period. I know that you're aware of the importance of reaching the target of a million Welsh speakers in Wales, but we're not going to reach that target unless we take it seriously nationwide, including in Swansea in this instance. So, what steps have you taken as a result of that Estyn report to ensure that adults, and indeed everyone, can speak Welsh in the way that they want to?

Well, it's important to ensure that schools are supported with resources and materials to deliver the curriculum, and, as the Member knows, every school that teaches the curriculum now teaches a proportion of their classes through the medium of Welsh, and that's very encouraging. What we want to see as part of our plans—and this is also included in the White Paper—is that there's more and more progress and more and more provision in all schools in terms of Welsh-medium education. It's challenging, of course, to deliver that, but it's important that we have that ambitious aim so that every part of the system has that shared goal. That includes those who have a function in supporting schools, including the consortia and the school improvement services and so on. We are about to reform some elements of how we fund provision in order to improve standards in the Welsh-medium sector, and I will be making a statement in due time on that.

We've invested £2.5 million in the education welfare service this year, to enable the service to provide earlier support, before issues escalate, and more intensive support to learners with high absence levels. In addition, draft attendance guidance to support schools and parents to improve learner attendance is out for consultation, as of the start of this week.

I've spoken to you about it numerous times, and we've heard it in the CYPE committee. Obviously, there's a multitude of reasons why there are such high levels of absenteeism, but one of the contributing factors is the lack of school transport and the cost of school transport. I'm just wondering if you could give a few comments on that, please.

Well, as the Member will know, the Learner Travel Measure (Wales) 2008 provides certain minimum standards for transport requirements, and there is a review of that under way at the moment. The Member will also know about the work the Deputy Minister is doing in relation to bus services, for example, more broadly, which have been, obviously, very challenging and have been very concerning in the context of school transport in particular, and I know that he'll have more to say about that very shortly.

Well, particularly in financially challenging times, it is vital that all communication channels are used and are active. I engage closely with local government on budget issues and I meet leaders, through the finance sub-group and other groups, as appropriate. I also visit schools to listen first-hand to the funding experiences of headteachers.

Thank you, Minister. I read with great interest recently about your visit to Ysgol Mynydd Bychan and the innovative work that they are doing there to develop an interest in Welsh politics as part of the new curriculum. Now, many of us have had an opportunity to welcome Ysgol Mynydd Bychan to the Senedd on a number of occasions. Of course, one of the main issues in terms of securing good practice is sufficient funding. Apparently, around 50 schools in Cardiff are now working at a deficit. What practical support can you provide to ensure that schools improve their financial situations? Thank you.

As the Member will know, the system we have in Wales is based on the fact that it's local authorities that fund schools directly. But, to provide the financial support to ensure that that is possible, of course, the Welsh Government, last year, had significantly increased the budget to local authorities, and that was true the previous year too. Of course, the pressure on school budgets and the budgets of councils and the budget of the Welsh Government is well known to everyone by now. What we have done as a Government is ensure that, when a Barnett consequential was received recently, as a result of decisions in Westminster—completely insufficient decisions, I have to say—we ensured that that additional funding went straight to local authorities to provide for schools.

What I have been able to do within my budget, which is also used partly to fund schools, is ensure that the elements that are within my budget, namely the PDG and the funding that goes to schools to deal with the impacts of COVID, which are still very real in our schools, either remained at the same level or has increased. I would like it very much if we as a Government had additional funding to spend on public services in general. The only way to do that is to ensure that we have a different Government in Westminster that is ready to invest across the United Kingdom, and then we will have funding to invest further in our schools. But, in the meantime, we are entirely committed to making the most progressive decisions that we can make as a Government, within that budget that we have, and spend every penny that we can on our schools.

As a birthday present for you, Vikki Howells, I've got to question 10. Question 10. [Laughter.]

Diolch, Llywydd. 

May I wish the Member a happy birthday as well? Since 2019, over £17 million has been allocated to the further education sector to fund initiatives and projects to support the mental health and well-being of both learners and staff. In 2023-24, a further investment of £4 million will be allocated directly to FE institutions to continue to provide the support they need.

Thank you for your answer, Minister. I know the Welsh Government is planning a communications campaign to raise awareness of the groundbreaking '111 press 2' telephone mental health support service. What discussions have you had with colleagues in Government about developing resources that specifically can target students and staff within the education system, so that they are aware of the immediate one-stop shop service that '111 press 2' provides?

That's a really important question. Thank you to Vikki Howells for raising it. I was recently in an FE college in north Wales actually when we made the announcement of the further investment, and it's clear to me that colleges are very creatively looking for new ways constantly to be able to highlight to their learners the availability of support that they themselves are providing, sometimes locally, sometimes on a national basis. The '111 press 2' service is, of course, an all-age service and is available to everyone for urgent mental health support and advice, and this includes students in further and higher education.

So, in answer to the Member's question, my officials will be working with the sector to raise awareness of the service, and importantly, I think, to make sure that there's an integrated approach, so that it's integrated with the full range of support available to students, which includes counselling services in colleges and also specialist projects like SilverCloud and Kooth Student. I think colleges have developed considerable expertise, actually, in tailoring well-being support to the specific needs of their students, and they've worked very collaboratively with each other to produce a very substantial, by this time, body of resources and professional learning for staff as well over the last few years. 

Just to say the further education and higher education mental health advisory group, which is chaired by the Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Well-being, is also considering how best to ensure a coherent approach to student well-being support, and that includes communicating the range of support to institutions and to students themselves. 

Finally, question 11, Sioned Williams.

Our school essentials grant has made a big difference to many lower income families across Wales, helping to reduce the worry surrounding the purchase of school uniform and equipment. Funding of £13.6 million has been made available for this grant in 2023-24.

Thank you, Minister. We've been hearing more about projects to reuse school uniforms recently. Four pupils from Maesteg School met the King after winning an award by the Prince's Trust for their project recycling and exchanging school uniforms for free. But the review commissioned by My Nametags found that 1.4 million of items of wearable school uniform are thrown away every year, and that 81 per cent of parents always buy new school uniforms every year, and half of those surveyed said that they don't want their children to wear a uniform that had previously been worn. 

A constituent of mine, Laura Santiago, who's vice-chair of governors at Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Trebannws, has been in touch about the second-hand school uniform shop that she and her school run, where you can buy items of school uniform and give a small donation of your choice, and all of the profit goes back to the school. Laura says that the initiative is a way to ensure not just that school uniforms of good quality are available to everyone for a small cost, but it has a positive impact, of course, on the environment. However, she feels that more support is needed for this way of buying school uniforms to reduce costs and waste. Bearing in mind the Government's ambition to reduce the cost of the school day, would you be willing to consider establishing a national campaign to promote and normalise school uniform shops like this, so that parents in all parts of Wales can ensure that they can afford a school uniform and reduce waste also?

Well, the Member makes an important point, and congratulations to Laura Santiago for the work that she's doing in Trebannws school. There is good practice in many schools in Wales—that's what we heard when we consulted on the school uniform guidance recently. There was a very strong response in terms of ensuring that schools do much more in terms of exchanges and second-hand clothing stores in terms of affordability, but also, as the Member said, sustainability too. It's also an excellent opportunity to reflect the ethos of the school. Very often the pupils are most enthusiastic to be part of this, and that's very encouraging indeed, I think.

In terms of ensuring that this is rolled out across Wales, that's exactly why we have changed the school uniform guidance, so it's now a requirement for schools to do that, and I would expect every governing body to look at that now and to ensure that they put arrangements in place. 

I thank the Minister. 

No topical questions have been accepted today.

But there are two 90-second statements, the first of which is from Vikki Howells.

Diolch, Llywydd. Tyrone O'Sullivan was a giant of the Labour, trade union and co-operative movements. His passion and optimism for our Valleys was palpable. A secretary of the local branch of the National Union of Mineworkers, Tyrone led the workers' buyout of Tower colliery, the last deep pit in Wales. It was the mine in which he had worked all his life, the mine that had claimed the life of his father. When the UK Government closed the pit in 1994, the 239 workers pooled their redundancy and bought Tower. It was the final battle in the history of struggles between south Wales miners and Westminster, a struggle in which Tyrone had played a full part, a battle in which he led the miners to victory—a victory that kept the pit open, employing local people, putting money into the local economy. Indeed, Tower was one of the largest employers in Cynon Valley when it closed 13 years later. Tyrone then fulfilled his dream of placing a zipwire tourist attraction on the site.

It is fair to say that Tyrone dreamed big and achieved big. Sadly, he passed away on 28 May. Like many, I am proud to have worked with Tyrone and to have called him a friend. My sincere condolences are with his wife, Elaine, his family, and thoughts with all the lives of those who he touched and inspired. Rest in peace, Tyrone; we will ensure that your legacy lives on. 

Lord John Morris of Aberavon was not only a huge figure in Welsh political life, but also a strong advocate for Wales and its language.

Llywydd, yesterday in your tribute to him you highlighted how his early development in Cardigan moulded both his political views and his strong relationships with the agricultural world in Wales. Following his studies to become a solicitor, he became influential in the establishment of the Farmers Union of Wales, and never forgot the important role that agriculture plays in Welsh life and the Welsh economy. He then moved on into the world of politics, and on 8 October 1959 was elected as MP for my home constituency of Aberavon, and remained our MP for nearly 42 years. As the First Minister stated in his tribute, during that time John served in the Government in the 1960s, 1970s and 1990s, under three different Labour Prime Ministers—Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Tony Blair.

Neither should we lose sight of his progression in his legal profession to QC, earning great respect amongst his peers. But after leaving the Commons he was made Baron Morris of Aberavon, and continued an active role in the House of Lords until his death this week. Many here will remember his visit to the Senedd and his speech commemorating the first Secretary of State for Wales, Jim Griffiths.

Now, throughout his political career he always believed in the decentralisation of government, stating on more than one occasion that the people in Whitehall didn’t always know what was best for Wales. As Secretary of State for Wales he introduced the first referendum on devolution in the 1970s, but was not deterred when that failed to secure the votes, and continued to work for devolution. He was undoubtedly a founding figure in the establishment of our Welsh Parliament, and we all sit here today as a consequence of that commitment.

Llywydd, on this occasion 90 seconds does not allow me to do justice to the distinguished career and contributions of John Morris to Welsh life, but we’ve all benefited from his beliefs and his actions, and I’m sure all of our thoughts today are with his wife Margaret and his family.

Thank you, John, for everything that you have done for Wales. 

Thank you very much for both of those tributes. 

Item 5 is next, a debate on the Climate Change, Environment, and Infrastructure Committee report, 'The Welsh Government’s EV charging infrastructure strategy and action plan'. I call on Heledd Fychan to move the motion.

Thank you, Llywydd, and it's a pleasure for me to be able to open this debate today, particularly being an interim Chair of the committee, but I was fortunate to be part of an evidence session on this issue. I would like to thank all those stakeholders who contributed to the committee’s work, as well as the members of the committee and, of course, the officials who support our work.

Our report on the Welsh Government’s strategy for promoting electric vehicles has revealed a disappointing lack of progress, with examples of broken promises, and a worrying lack of ambition. We believe that urgent action is needed to address these issues and put Wales back on track.

Earlier today, the Deputy Minister announced that £15 million would be made available to help local authorities increase the number of charging facilities. Of course, we welcome this announcement. But there are problems in this policy area that go beyond funding. Our work focused on the Welsh Government’s electrical vehicle strategy and the accompanying action plan, which was published in 2021. As a committee, we were disappointed that, two years on from the publication of the 2021 action plan, the Welsh Government had failed even to start to make progress on several key actions.

I’m grateful to the Deputy Minister for his response to our report. As is customary, he has engaged with the committee's work constructively and positively. And while I am disappointed that he has rejected four of our 21 recommendations, the timing of today’s funding announcement a few hours ago should silence anyone who doubts the potential impact of Senedd committees and the importance of scrutiny of this kind.

I will start by talking about the EV strategy itself. The Deputy Minister points out that £26 million has been invested in charging infrastructure across Wales since the strategy was published, and this has led to an increase of nearly 1,500 in the number of public charging points available, which is an increase of 120 per cent.

This response gives the impression that this is a sign of good progress, but we know that this isn’t the case. Only this week, in its damning report, the UK Climate Change Committee specifically focused on EV charging infrastructure, saying that the development of infrastructure is not happening quickly enough to support the transition to electric vehicles. It's clear, therefore, that it’s not just our committee that is concerned by the lack of progress.

The strategy states that the number of fast chargers needed will need to increase between 30,000 and 50,000 by 2030. That is, we will need a tenfold increase in chargers in the next seven years. But the committee was not convinced that the strategy or action plan will deliver these kinds of numbers.

The vision set out in the strategy is that all users of electric cars and vans in Wales will be confident by 2025 that they can access EV charging infrastructure when and where they need it. Well, we are only two years away from that target date, and several stakeholders pointed out that we have a long way to go in that short time. And despite the investment made to date, EV users and drivers highlighted problems with a lack of charging points, charging points not working, and the lack of information about the chargers.

Our first recommendation was that the Welsh Government should revisit the EV charging strategy in light of the changing patterns of EV usage and the growth of commercial EVs. The Minister has rejected this because he is satisfied that the strategy is sufficiently flexible to reflect changes in usage of EVs. But Deputy Minister, we will see whether you were right in being as confident as this when we reach that deadline in 2025.

I will move now to the action plan. I think that it’s fair to say that we were surprised at the lack of progress here. The action plan contains nine actions; two years on, there has been no discernible progress on five of them, and targets and deadlines have been missed already.

We were surprised that there was no explanation for why the actions were not delivered. In several cases, the Welsh Government said that it was considering whether to progress specific actions and how to do so, months after the deadline for them to be delivered had passed. For the committee, the lack of progress undermines the credibility of the action plan and has called into question the Welsh Government’s commitment to it.

And given the lamentable lack of progress on the action plan, one of the most surprising announcements from the Deputy Minister was about the creation of another plan—the delivery plan this time, rather than an action plan.

The Deputy Minister has provided a version of this detailed delivery plan with his response, and it is a big step forward in terms of the granularity of the plan and the clear steps that need to be taken to stand a chance of realising the vision in the EV strategy. It is certainly a step in the right direction. But after a couple of years of dawdling, is it possible that the Deputy Minister has finally found second gear?

Turning finally to specific recommendations, the Deputy Minister has rejected recommendation 12, that the Welsh Government should explain why it did not establish the connections group, even though this was promised under action 2 of the action plan. By not explaining, the Government succeeds in only one thing, namely undermining the credibility of the action plan. I suspect pressures on resources and priorities is the reason behind this, but if so, the Deputy Minister should come out and say so, as it is not unreasonable for the committee to seek an answer on this issue.

Recommendation 17 was also rejected. It asked the Welsh Government to explain why a charge point operator working group was not set up in 2021, as promised under action 6 of the action plan. The Deputy Minister says in his response that the Welsh Government and Transport for Wales agreed that the group shouldn’t be established until the delivery plan was in place. Well, there's no excuse for this, is there, Deputy Minister, because it's the Welsh Government that has decided on the actions and the deadlines for delivery. What's the point, therefore, of having actions and deadlines in an action plan if you have no intention of adhering to them? Could you at least explain to the Senedd why this has happened?

I'll conclude my opening remarks in this debate with those few comments. I look forward very much to hearing the other contributions and the response of the Deputy Minister. Thank you for the opportunity to do so today.

By January 2023, the number of charge points per 100,000 residents installed in Wales was 47, Scotland 69, and London 1,311. Those figures speak for themselves—[Interruption.] Sorry, Minister, but you are failing on this aspect. I'm here to scrutinise and challenge you, so let me finish, please, out of courtesy. You are failing to deliver and inspire a rapid roll-out of EV charging points in Wales. Unsurprisingly, and it was well put across by Heledd Fychan, the committee is concerned that the strategy may fail to achieve its vision that, by 2025, all users of electric cars and vans in Wales will be confident they can access EV charging infrastructure when and where they need it. A plan for one or two 50 kW rapid chargers on the strategic road network every 20 miles is now inadequate.

Olly Craughan, of DPD Group, discussed this strategy's lack of consideration for commercial vehicles. DPD group is decarbonising its fleet quickly, and they have nearly 3,000 EVs across the UK. The need for this strategy to cover commercial use is clear, yet you have rejected recommendation 1 and you just simply indicate that a plan for freight is being developed. Logistics UK have expressed their disappointment, especially as they find that 62 per cent of van operators plan to have decarbonised their van fleets by 2030. So, it would be beneficial to us and businesses operating in Wales if you could provide a date here today for the publication of the plan for freight and indicate what changes you're going to deliver.

Logistics UK have also highlighted that adopting electrical commercial vehicles means expanding depot charging, yet a third of companies interviewed have cited power supply infrastructure as one of their biggest challenges for delivering depot charging. Some operators reported estimated costs from their energy network operator of over £1 million for upgrading their energy supply to enable this charging. So, can you explain, Deputy Minister, how you are going to deliver a fair and equitable approach for funding electricity connections to enable the expansion of depot charging?

The WLGA have highlighted that, whilst equality issues are mentioned in the strategy, they're not really explored in depth. Dr Neil Lewis stated that 40 per cent people do not have off-road parking, which makes it difficult for them to even access charging for their EVs at an affordable rate. In 2020, I urged the Welsh Government to investigate how it could support the conversion of publicly available lamp posts into electric car charging points. It’s used all over the UK; they are using electric car charging points. Three years on, and it is a disgrace that there is only one lamp-post charging unit in the whole of Wales. When considering that London already has at least 7,000, the Labour Government has absolutely no excuse for such a lack of provision here. Clarity on what action you are taking now to address the crisis would be welcome, because as it stands, I am certainly not convinced that you are adhering to your own commitment in response to recommendation 3 that equality and social justice is being taken into account. 

I would also like to highlight a very important statement in this report. Five of the nine actions were not delivered according to the timescales in the action plan, yet no explanation is given for why the actions were not delivered on time. The whole lack of progress undermines the credibility of your action plan, and actually calls into question the Welsh Government’s commitment to it at all. 

In response to recommendation 6, you actually wrongly dispute the point. Connections group to report in the 2021 financial year: not delivered. Network of charging forecourts across Wales at approximately 20 miles across the SRN by 2025: not delivered. Review of policy and regulations by 2022 and updates made where appropriate to support EV uptake: not delivered. Establishment of a charge-point operator working group in 2021: not delivered.

You’ve rejected recommendation 7 that the Welsh Government should deliver on its commitment to review the KPIs annually, but clarify why.

I will conclude on a positive. I welcome the notes that draft amendments to building regs should be forthcoming and that these will mandate the provision of EV charge points for each new dwelling with an associated car parking space. But, Minister, you have a long, long way to go to actually put words into actions, and I think that we as a Senedd are asking that here today. Diolch. 

You won’t be surprised to know that I'll take a slightly different tone in this debate, because I absolutely agree with the Welsh Government that the majority of electric vehicle charging infrastructure should be delivered by the private sector. The Welsh Government doesn’t run petrol stations, so why should they run electric charging points? I think this is very much something that is fundamental. The private sector needs to step up to the plate, and there are lots of ways in which—. 

I’m grateful to you for taking the intervention. I appreciate the point that you make about the private sector needing to step up to the plate. Indeed, it seems that they have in many respects, in order to fill some of the void that the Welsh Government has left. But wouldn’t you agree with me that if the Welsh Government has been given tens of millions of pounds to expand the roll-out of electric vehicle charging points, the paltry number of electric vehicle charging points provided by the Welsh Government is completely and totally unacceptable?

No, I don’t. I agree that the private sector has installed electric charging points, and they’ve done it for perfectly valid commercial reasons, which is that they want people to visit their site, and therefore they are making it attractive to people who own electric vehicles. Supermarkets, for example, have started putting in electric vehicle charging points. I’m surprised that many of the hotels along some of the electric vehicle charging point deserts—for example, going up the A470—haven’t taken advantage of this opportunity to encourage more drivers to want to stop and eat at their hostelry while they’re charging their vehicle. That seems inexplicable to me, whether you’re a hotel, a pub, or a restaurant, that you haven’t jumped at this opportunity to increase your commercial opportunities. I think that the money that may have come from the UK Government needs to be used on different things, and I support the way the Welsh Government is approaching this.

So, we know from the evidence we took that the strategy to have the aspiration met by 2025, that all electric car and van users can be confident of access to electrical vehicle charging in time, is challenging and it's ambitious but pragmatic. So, I'm hoping that the Welsh Government will be able to elucidate in your response, Deputy Minister, that you think that that ambition is still doable. Because I think it's really important that we endeavour to encourage those who can afford to move to electric vehicles to do so when they're changing their vehicle in the normal manner. Because obviously, all that supports the climate emergency.

I want to focus in my remaining remarks on the more challenging issues around on-street parking in built-up areas, which I know has been identified as one of the two priorities of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure programme. So, at least half my constituents' homes don't have off-street parking. They either have a small garden at the front, or their house goes straight on to the street, with possibly not even enough for a rubbish bin, never mind a car to be parked there. And clearly, we need to avoid the perverse consequence of everybody who's got a front garden then converting it into a hard-standing garden, with all the sustainable drainage consequences that we rehearsed earlier in the climate change questions. So, much of the housing in Cardiff Central is terraced housing, similar to many Valleys properties, where, literally, they have no space big enough. And what I don't want to see is the proliferation of new pillars on pavements, which will be a hazard to people with pushchairs, to people with sight problems.

We need to have an alternative way of looking at this, in the context of the fact that all of us need to be thinking about considering whether or not we really actually need to have a private vehicle, rather than simply hiring a vehicle from a car club, as and when we need to use one. And obviously, in the context of an urban environment like Cardiff, that is a significant and important consideration. So, I want to know what discussions the Welsh Government has had with local authorities like Cardiff on how we can structure our electric vehicle charging points to be much more friendly to people to be able to play in the street, rather than having all these vehicles cluttering it up, and having centralised electric vehicle charging points overnight—maybe in commercial businesses' parking places, where they don't need to use them overnight because they're closed; they could extend it to a club of local community people, to enable them to do that there. It's about using urban spaces effectively, without causing other, perverse consequences. And it seems to me that that is quite a major challenge in the urban environment, and one that is worthy of a good deal more debate.

I'd like to thank the committee team, our Chair, and our interim Chair for their work.

And as we've already heard, with the need to move towards sustainable transport becoming ever more pertinent as a subject worldwide, the adoption of electric vehicles is a vital opportunity to reduce carbon emissions and ensure a greener future. Now, we in Wales should be in a good position to lead the way in developing a comprehensive infrastructure for electric vehicles, but, as we've already heard, the reality is disappointing. The committee report notes the serious deficiencies in terms of the infrastructure, as has been mentioned. At present, Wales has the lowest number of public charging points and fast or superfast chargers of the population in Great Britain—I won't rehearse those figures. But it is clear that, two years since the action plan on this issue was published in 2021, to date, I would say, certainly, that satisfactory progress hadn't been made by the Welsh Government on several key actions, and there are still a number of issues that need to be resolved. Today's news about a further investment of £15 million is very positive; that is certainly something to be welcomed. We need a clear plan to enable this to lead to clear outcomes, to avoid the repetition of mistakes that have taken place over the past two years. I'm sure that everyone in the Siambr today would agree that the seriousness of the climate crisis facing us now means that we have no time to waste. To begin that journey, it is crucial that there is effective collaboration and co-ordination between key stakeholders. The Welsh Government, local authorities, as we've already heard, and transport agencies must work hand in hand, with the private sector too, to create a comprehensive infrastructure, while there is a need for close collaboration with energy providers to assess relevant grid capacity. 

Now, as we've heard, private partners are going to be exceptionally important in this, through, for example—. And perhaps we should be thinking about encouraging public/private partnerships as a result of this, for example, through offering financial incentives such as grants and tax credits, thus benefiting from the funding and resources expertise of both sectors. 

We also need a thorough assessment of the needs of the charging infrastructure. We must analyse the landscape and identify appropriate locations for electric vehicle charging stations, based on a number of factors, such as population density, as Jenny's just talked about, transport corridors, urban centres, residential areas, workplaces, retail centres, and popular tourist destinations—there are so many factors that need to be considered here. In addition to this, it is vital that fast charging infrastructure is just as prominent in rural areas as it is in urban settings. On top of that, these charging stations should be positioned in areas that have been well lit, thereby prioritising convenience and safety. That is crucial.

We must be clear about the kinds of charging stations that we need, bearing in mind the predicted growth in the number of EVs in Wales. This should include a blend of methods of charging, such as fast charging stations, destination chargers, and appropriate charging methods in residential areas.

Now, the Government should take a proactive role, of course, in encouraging the use of electric vehicles. At present, only 0.17 per cent of all vehicles in Wales are electric. And that shows how vital it is that we see a significant increase. And introducing financial incentives, again, such as tax credit grants for individuals and for businesses—. There are so many things that must be done, and that must be aligned, and we need to give this aim a boost. 

Now, I'm aware of time, so I'll say in conclusion how vital it is that we take steps to remedy the situation. A few weeks ago, the most recent report of the World Meteorological Organisation underlined that the planet is dangerously close to a temperature rise above the target of 1.5 degrees Celsius within the current decade. The climate crisis is not something that is beyond the horizon now; it is here now, and it is impacting our lives with every day that passes. So, we do need to have a system that doesn't just think about the public transport sector—that is going to be vital—but in terms of the way we live our lives, this has to be a crucial step that we take. And with those words, I'll conclude. Thank you. 

It's a pleasure to take part in this debate, and can I just begin by thanking colleagues on the committee for their work, jointly with all of us, in taking evidence, and also, to those who gave evidence, and to our Chair as well, and to our clerking team and the researchers? And it is a hard-hitting report, but it's been interesting the different approaches to that. Some have used the hard-hitting report to give the Government a good kick and walloping, as you'd probably expect—Janet. [Laughter.] Others have taken it to say 'Well, hold on, let's just look at where the balance of responsibilities lie as well, and who pulls their weight on this'. 

Can I just begin my contribution by saying something I don't think has been said today? EV, domestically, is not going to be—. We're focusing on EV points today, but EV cars, EV vehicles, are not going to be the solution for everybody. There are real social justice implications here with the roll-out of EV points, the affordability of EV technology, the sustainability of EV vehicles themselves and the carbon impacts and all of that. But let's put that to one side just for a moment and focus on the EV.

I think the point was well made in the Government's response to the 21 recommendations that we have, of which all but four have been fully accepted. It's a hard-hitting report. I would say that the Government has actually responded well, by and large. I can focus entirely on the four, which I will turn to in a moment, but actually accepting the majority of the recommendations shows, I think, contrary to what we've heard so far by some contributions, that the Government has taken this report very seriously, Llyr, and the impact of this report and the call to Government. But the report also makes clear—. The Government's response to the report makes clear that this has got to be primarily for the private sector to step up to the mark. It's for Government to help build a framework and to help it address market failures. So, in that respect, before I turn to the detail of the recommendations in the report, I do welcome not only the Government's response to the report, but also the announcement, as Delyth was saying, of the £15 million extra into Welsh electric vehicle charging points, and I've looked at the detail of some of this as well.

It's really interesting, because I don't have an EV car, but if I were to get one, most of my travelling, or my wife's, would be back and forth to work on a daily basis, within a 50-mile radius, if that, if we were doing that. But actually, we do take trips all the way to north and south Wales and so on and so forth. It's great to see, within the detail of the announcements that have been made, that there's a substantial investment in central Wales, in west Wales, in north Wales, in those parts that we do need to do this connectivity. What we now need is those private operators and the public authorities and others to make use of this and actually deliver those electric charging points so that nobody has to worry about it anymore.

And there is no direct contrast, by the way, with London and the south east, where these lovely people down there, by and large, are in an ultra-urban environment. Some of them have masses of disposable income and are buying up and are driving the electric vehicles. Well, good luck to them all there. It's not the same, I have to say, as well; we've got to find something that works for Wales, but the investment here within this £15 million is spread right across Wales. I do have a couple of questions on it. I just want to flag my own area for a moment. It's good to see money going into places like Rhondda Cynon Taf and so on. It also talks about money beyond Cardiff in terms of the Cardiff regional zone. I'd be interested to know whether that includes all the local authority areas within that wider Cardiff zone so that it does link up with the Neaths, the Swansea, and then into further parts of Wales and so on.

You also mentioned in your statement, by the way, the private sector taskforce. I welcome that. I would be grateful to hear any further detail on that, because I think that question of the private sector stepping up to the mark, it does need Government intervention to help drive that, but I think pulling them together to say, 'Right, how are we going to do this together?'—a bit like broadband in a sense. 'Where can we help as Government, but where are you going to step up and do this, because you will ultimately benefit?' In so doing, can I just suggest to him that one member of the taskforce you might want to look at is the representative of an indigenous Welsh business that is growing like Topsy, called Clenergy EV, based in my constituency? I think they are third now in terms of growth and leadership globally in terms of software applications so people can join up fleets. The public sector and individuals can join up where they can charge—in hospitals, in private charging facilities, in somebody's home, as well as these independent ones that are setting up.

I'm going to run out of time. There are four recommendations within here that you've rejected, Minister. Two of them, I notice, are timescale ones specifically. It would be helpful to know why the timescale has slipped on those two particular ones. On the first recommendation, recommendation 1, which you've rejected there, it would be good to know, because we have had representations from the commercial sector about what is going to happen with the network for them. So, some response to their concerns that the report didn't go far enough in addressing their concerns, but neither did the Government response; well, how are we going to respond to the commercial, the fleet sector, in driving forward these EV points? Diolch yn fawr iawn, Dirprwy Lywydd.

It's already been noted that Wales has fewer rapid chargers compared to the rest of the UK, and the lowest number of public charging devices per population in Great Britain. It's probably, therefore, a good job that Rowan Atkinson doesn't live here in Wales, or he might feel even more duped by the electric vehicle revolution.

Deputy Minister, the Federation of Small Business believe the Welsh Government should revisit the EV strategy. They believe that the aim needs to be clearer; there needs to be clear timelines and support for businesses. Like other Members, I'd be interested to see how Welsh Government is co-operating with the private sector in this matter.

I'm pleased that the Welsh Government accepted the recommendation that Ministers should provide an update on the development of the transport decarbonisation programme, which will support the decarbonisation of buses and taxis and private-hire vehicles. Can you indicate what discussions you've had with Cardiff Bus to move to a net-zero fleet?

I also welcome the announcement today of £900,000 over the next two years for Cardiff Council to roll out EV charging and rapid charging infrastructure at Lamby Way for 12 electric refuse collection vehicles. But what about other councils in my region—the Vale of Glamorgan and Rhondda Cynon Taf? What action are they taking?

Across the region, how certain is the Minister that money from Welsh Government will ensure that the right electric charging infrastructure is at strategic sites, such as park-and-ride facilities? And I liked Jenny Rathbone's idea of using large areas that are empty for larger periods of time.

I know that some developers and builders in my region are looking to include heat-source pumps, solar panels and electric charging points in every new-build housing. I welcome that, and I welcome the consultation you've also mentioned this summer about amending the building regulations to mandate EV charge points. Could you provide a timescale for the completion of that consultation, and would you consider legislation to make EV charge points mandatory on new houses?

As Jenny Rathbone mentioned, many houses in my region, including my own, were built well over 100 years ago and do not have a front garden. I've raised this issue with you in the past on behalf of constituents. People living in terraced houses, with difficult lane access, feel the difficulties charging an EV would be far too prohibitive. I saw recently that Octopus Energy currently offer an overnight economy charge of 10p per kWh, plus a standing charge of 52p a day per household. But, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, the proposals for a charge was 35p per kWh when the public charging stations are up and running. It's fair to say that, as Huw Irranca-Davies mentioned, there's a real issue here about discriminating against residents of terraced housing and discouraging the use of EVs by members of the community. We must ensure that there isn't an electric vehicle charging divide because of where people live. Perhaps, Deputy Minister, you could update me on the work that is being done to provide charging points in terraced housing, as has been piloted in Oxfordshire. Diolch yn fawr.

Can I just start by thanking the members of the Climate Change, Environment, and Infrastructure Committee for producing this interesting and informative report? Let's hope that this report serves as a wake-up call for the Welsh Government and we finally actually do see some meaningful action, instead of the usual warm words. Time and time again, we hear Ministers in this place claim they're part of the green Government, yet this report does beg to differ. The Welsh Government has got a truly shocking record when it comes to delivering electric vehicle charging points, which many of my colleagues, indeed, from all various platforms here, have indeed been saying so far.

Now, we are going to be seeing more electric vehicles on our roads, like it or lump it, going forward, especially in the light of the UK Government's ban on the sale of petrol and diesel cars. So, it's absolutely imperative that drivers do have access to charging points. In 2021, the Welsh Government published an action plan to increase the uptake of electric vehicles in Wales. How well is that working out? Because I note the committee actually picked up on this fact, that the Government has failed to even start making progress on a number of key actions. One of the Welsh Government's aims is, and I quote, that:

'By 2025, all users of electric cars and vans in Wales are confident that they can access electric vehicle charging infrastructure when and where they need it.'

End quote. I saw the Welsh Government's announcement, as many of you, perhaps, have today, that they're going to be investing £15 million in EV charging, which may sound like a lot of money, which is great and very welcome. However, having done a bit of Googling myself while we were sitting here earlier on, the average charging point costs between £1,000 to £1,500, plus VAT. Now, if you don’t take into account the installation or any of the other charges that could go into connecting it or et cetera, we still hit below 10,000 charging points, and that’s quite laughable in my opinion. It appears that Labour Ministers really are living in cloud-cuckoo-land if they are nowhere near close to hitting that milestone.

I took one from one of your colleagues.

Go for it, Jenny—go on.

I think we have to think differently about this, because vehicles aren't going to be used all of the time, every day of the week. And therefore there's got to be a change of attitude, in sharing electric vehicle charging points so that—. Most people would only ever need to charge once a week, and then you don't need to clutter the environment with too many electric vehicle charging points. And so communities could share the cost of installing electric vehicle charging points at £1,500 between them—that wouldn't be a big deal. If they have a car, they can afford that.

Of course, I understand your point, Jenny, but bearing in mind I have dealt with a lot of people who drive cars for commuting purposes, for hospital appointments, those people who have disabilities, who have a need to be able to drive their cars, even then—. I completely agree with you, we do need to have more charging points, regardless of how that's done. I know my colleague, Darren Millar, raised the question earlier, which wasn't answered as well and was kind of rebuffed, whereby he asked—. Money has been given by the UK Government to the Welsh Government—where has it gone? Where is it going? Why hasn't that been spent on EV charging points? [Interruption.] I just want to finish my point. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. According to the Welsh Government's own stats, Wales will need an extra 30,000 to 50,000 fast chargers by 2030. Now, by my calculations that I just mentioned, £15 million won't even hit that figure or even close to it. So, is the Welsh Government confident that it's going to actually even hit that target that it has made? I'd be interested to know what the Welsh Government is going to be doing to urgently improve the provision of EV charging points in Wales, especially in light of this report, because, to me, it looks like Ministers have spent the last few years just sitting on their hands.

I support what the Plaid Member from south-east Wales said earlier, that Ministers must think more innovatively and incentivise a faster roll-out of EV charging points, with a greater focus on expanding provision in rural communities in Wales. Personally, I have no doubt more people would use electric vehicles, but, at the moment, they simply can't because it's not practicable. This needs to change, Deputy Presiding Officer, and it needs to change fast.

And I call on the Deputy Minister for Climate Change, Lee Waters.

Diolch yn fawr, Dirprwy Lywydd. And I'd like to thank Members for their contributions and the committee for their work in producing the report. I welcome the challenge and the scrutiny by the committee, both in our oral evidence sessions and in today’s report. And I would welcome them having an ongoing role to hold our feet to the fire. I think it’s a very important function that they provide. And we have accepted the overwhelming majority of the recommendations made by the committee and we are delivering on these.

Myself, I’m a fan of not putting 'accept in principle' when we don’t agree with something, to avoid fudging. I’d much rather say, ‘We don’t agree’ and set out the reasons why. And that’s why, on four of the recommendations, I’ve set out that we do not accept, and I’ll just address those in turn now.

Recommendation 1 asks the Welsh Government to revisit our EV charging strategy. Now, we are confident the strategy, which was developed to take into account a rapid change in technology and usage, remains valid. The principles and the framework remain valid and don’t need revisiting.

Recommendation 7 asks the Welsh Government to commit to review and publish the key performance indicators annually. Instead, we’re planning to review and publish the KPIs at strategic points in time—not to an arbitrary rhythm, but when we are reflecting key stages of the delivery programme and the availability of resources. And comment was made about the impact of resources, and, of course, it is a fact that, when our budgets are being cut and when the number of civil servants we have is held down because of austerity, inevitably there is a limit to what we can do at any one time. And that affects all of our actions. And I would have thought, from the comments from the Plaid Cymru Members, that, having Members in their group who are working closely with the Welsh Government as designated Members, they would know the reality of the operation of the Government and the tight resourcing that is available and the judgments that have to be made. And there’s no point denying the fact that that has had some impact on our ability to deliver this.

But, more than that, I think we have decided to step and pause in our analysis—rather than just spraying money willy-nilly, to look at where the market is planning to serve, to analyse that and to map that, and to look where Government intervention would be best. So, I think, by surveying the landscape first and then ramping up the spending second, that's a much better approach than the approach the committee seems to be chiding us for. 

Minister, will you give way on that point?

I'll happily give way to Huw.

I just wonder whether, with that approach that the Minister is suggesting that he takes, when we come to the work of the taskforce and sitting down with them, is that a point at which he'll be able to explain to the Senedd what those resources allow in strategic points of review of hitting the KPIs would be? I get what you're saying about, 'Pause. Work with the sector'—we've got to demand the private sector step up to the mark on this—but there's got to be a point at which you come back to the Senedd and say, 'We now have got a clearer understanding of when we're going to go for this.'

Well, let me come to that. Let me just first address recommendations 12 and 17, which ask the Welsh Government to establish the connections group and the charge point operator working group within weeks. Now, we are in the process of setting up the two groups. However, we believe it's essential that we take time to develop a robust delivery programme before our formal engagement with distribution network operators and charge point operators. So, we're not going to be doing that within weeks, but we will be doing it soon, and that's why I've not accepted those recommendations. 

We have learnt a lot from our approach to broadband, and, if you think back to the debates we've had on broadband, we've decided an outside-in approach in broadband. So, rather than looking at where the market will effectively meet demand in its own right, in dense urban conurbations, rather than over-serving those markets by also putting Government funding in, in broadband, we decided to target those areas the market would serve slowest, and that situation has worked well, and I think we should follow that same approach with electric charging points, because, as Huw Irranca and Jenny Rathbone have echoed, this is primarily a role for the private sector, with the Welsh Government intervening where there's market failure or the market is slow to respond. I think that is the best use of public money and it reflects the fact that we don't have the full lever of powers in this area.

Now, the statement the committee made, which has been augmented, I think, in a fairly daft way by some comments in the press and by Members, is that

'Welsh Government had completely failed to deliver many of the Actions in the Action Plan and by the lack of progress towards achieving others.'

Now, I think that is an unfair evaluation of the work and the results that we have completed to date. Now, for this reason, I welcome the opportunity to update Members on the progress that we have made, and we shouldn't lose sight of how complex and expensive this area of work is. Our financial analysis suggests a total capital cost of over £350 million will need to be invested to install sufficient en-route and destination charging by 2040. Now, given the scale of the challenge, as I say, we expect most of this to be delivered by the private sector, and our role is to step in to help that, to remove barriers and to look where we can make targeted help available. So, I've decided to again learn from the experience of the broadband delivery, where the National Infrastructure Commission a few years ago recommended we create a barrier-busting taskforce for broadband to work with the private operators to identify where Government action would be helpful.

So, we're going to do the same with electric charging points; we're going to set a private sector taskforce that will help us engage with the market, bring down any barriers to investment and accelerate the roll-out of charging infrastructure. Now, that may involve financial intervention, but it's just as likely to involve issues around planning or stubbornness of different institutions to respond in a timely manner. So, I think that will be welcomed by the sector as a practical thing we can do to unlock private sector investment, because, as Huw and Jenny mentioned, there is market appetite here on commercial grounds to invest in this, and our job is to lever that into Wales rather than to try to duplicate it.

Now, since the publication of the strategy, we've focused our resources on two key priorities. First, delivering a baseline charging infrastructure across Wales that gives users the confidence that they can travel across our country without fear of running out of charge. Now, Darren Millar asked how we'd spent the money that we've been able to draw down. Between 2020 and 2022, we have delivered £26 million of ULEV, as it's called, funding, to local authorities, to install charging infrastructure across Wales, and this year we've approved a total of £15 million of funding for the roll-out of EV charging infrastructure, and that includes £8.9 million for local authorities. We did an initial trial asking TfW to help us to roll out the infrastructure and concluded that, actually, local authorities were far better placed to play that role, and we have now decided, in a fulsome way, to reflect that in our funding decisions.

So, we have spent the money well and there's infrastructure to show for it. It has proven very complex in some cases and very slow and frustrating. So, in the Rhyl case, in Darren Millar's area, there is a very nice charging plaza, which I have visited, but that was much delayed because of the need to create an extra substation, about access to the grid, soaring construction costs and so on. So, this is not straightforward, but I think we are making some good progress.

And our second focus has been on developing tools and plans that'll help local authorities to accelerate the roll-out of their network. We will complete the installation of 19 rapid charging points at least every 25 miles across Wales and the strategic road network this year—that's two years ahead of the action plan target. It's a major step forward to delivering our vision, and it stands in contrast to what Janet Finch-Saunders said, that the figures speak for themselves. And Natasha Asghar tried to portray this as a truly shocking record. I'm afraid the facts don't confirm those biases.

Jenny Rathbone asked about some reassurance that we wouldn't be cluttering the pavement environment by having charging infrastructure on pavements. I absolutely agree, and that's why the national standards that we're just about to publish make clear that that is not acceptable. And, to make sure that we've got those standards right, I did share it with the secretariat of the cross-party group on active travel, got them to review the document, they've made a number of amendments, which we have accepted, so I hope that addresses—

Deputy Minister, you need to conclude now.

—that concern.

I fear I haven't been able to address all of the points. Let me just simply say to conclude: there is much that has been done. At the moment, we have more than our per-head share of charge points for the number of people in Wales who own electric vehicles, and as that ramps up, as we want it to, so our coverage will ramp up. But it'll ramp up in a strategic way, because we've taken the trouble to do the preparatory work, to do the baseline, to establish private sector relationships and do this in a measured and prudent way. And I really hope the committee keeps an eye on our progress and keeps challenging us and, together, we'll get to the right place. Diolch.

I call on Heledd Fychan to reply to the debate.

Thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd, and thank you to the Deputy Minister for the response and to everyone who has contributed to this debate.

Certainly, the ongoing role is something the committee will certainly welcome, and the committee will be relooking at this during the Senedd term. And, obviously, as I mentioned at the beginning, the fact that we saw that announcement today is proof of the importance of scrutiny.

I was concerned in terms of the Deputy Minister's response in terms of KPIs and so on, and the lack of commitment to a firm date, because, for scrutiny purposes, it is useful for us to know when those are expected, so that we are able to monitor progress, so I would not personally accept that point.

I think Huw Irranca made the very, very important point in terms of social justice, because, obviously, for a number of our constituents, they don't even own cars, let alone electric vehicles. That's not going to be affordable, hence why there's been such an emphasis, in previous debates, on public transport and so on. So, I do take your point there, and it is very well made.

And in terms of the infrastructure, which was mentioned by many, many Members—Jenny, Delyth and Rhys ab Owen—in terms of the challenges with terraced housing, for instance. There are huge, huge challenges, and, Jenny, you were right to mention in terms of those trip hazards for those—. Already, pavement parking can be a huge challenge; if you put more trip hazards, then for more elderly, vulnerable people, those who have a visual impairment, it is a huge challenge, and we see those in many, many communities currently, where people are trying to make that switch.

But the reality at the moment is that many people who are making that switch are finding it difficult with the infrastructure that's in place, of not having the security that they will be able to get from north to south Wales, et cetera, on those journeys. We heard of many people not certain that they would make it to Eisteddfod yr Urdd in Llanymddyfri last week with electric vehicles. So, there is a challenge there about making sure that the infrastructure, even when it's in place, is working, which is something we also heard as evidence through this work.

Delyth, you mentioned the importance of safety—

—that safety is so vitally important too, because many of these public sites aren't well lit. And certainly, we must be ensuring that this is safe for everyone if we're going down this route.  

Both Natasha and Janet mentioned some of the barriers at present and some of the challenges, and I thank you for your contributions as well.

But certainly, I would want to acknowledge that the private sector does have a key role in terms of providing charging points, and that's clear in the report. But the Welsh Government must not neglect its important leadership role here either. We need to improve performance in this area, and many key stakeholders do feel that they're being left in the dark, and they're waiting eagerly for any sign of definite progress. And as I mentioned in opening this debate, the UK Climate Change Committee in its progress report has stated that we need a significant and definite increase in speed if the Welsh Government is to reach its targets by 2025. Those are the Government's own targets.

I was disappointed to hear the Deputy Minister talking about the co-operation agreement because this is a committee report, and we are contributing as cross-party members of a committee. And this is a report that scrutinises the Government's own targets. I do appreciate that you have outlined the important work that the committee will have in continuing to collaborate and to scrutinise in this area. It is of great interest to our constituents and it's important in terms of our response to the climate emergency.

I would like to conclude by thanking Llyr Gruffydd for his role as Chair of the committee whilst this report was being developed. I'm sure Llyr would have a great deal to say had he contributed to the debate today, but thank you to everyone who has contributed, and we will accept your challenge, Minister, to continue to scrutinise and continue to push the Government on this issue.  

The proposal is to note the committee's report. Does any Member object? No, therefore the motion is agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36. 

Item 6 is the first Welsh Conservatives debate this afternoon on accounting practices at Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, and I call on Gareth Davies to move the motion. 

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Deputy Llywydd, and I'm pleased to open this debate this afternoon and move the motion tabled in the name of my colleague Darren Millar. But we're here again, aren't we? Here again in this Senedd Chamber, highlighting another failure and another scandal surrounding Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. Only recently, we stood in this Chamber discussing the return to special measures, the damning report into vascular services, and quite often speak about the Welsh Government's failure to reduce waiting times at Glan Clwyd Hospital's A&E department, safe discharges, and the failure to build north Denbighshire community hospital in Rhyl, and, of course, reducing waiting times for patients across north Wales. 

But, in addition to this, we seem to have entered into a whole new ball game of learning of the alleged widescale fraud on behalf of the most senior personnel the board employs. But how did we learn this? Were we addressed with a statement from the Welsh Government on this very Senedd floor to where you were elected? No, of course we weren't. We had to learn of the news through the leaking of the Ernst & Young report to the press, and we're yet to see the full publication of the report and the detailing of the accounting failures that have been alleged to have occurred. 

Now, let's put a bit of perspective to this. The people who are alleged to have committed fraudulent behaviour are some of the highest paid people in the land, with the chief executive role being £250,000 per year and the finance director earning a cool £150,000 per year. All right if you're lucky enough, isn't it? But these individuals earn more than the First Minister and even the Prime Minister, and their primary role and function is to be the custodians and guardians of the public purse, and to make shrewd and calculated decisions in the best interests of taxpayers. Well, 'What happened there?', I ask.

What myself and the Welsh Conservatives want to get to the bottom of is how long has the Welsh Government known about this, why wasn't action taken at the time, why was there a failure to bring a statement to this Senedd Chamber from the health Minister informing Members of the news, as most of us only found out from an article by Guy Adams of the Daily Mail. It's hardly a fantastic advert for the Welsh Government's view of democracy on behalf of the people of north Wales, as you don't seem to enjoy discussing the issues that most people of north Wales are anxious about. Because the people from that area are anxious about the overall performance of the health board, and its chronic failures over the past decade or so. 

This is people's lives at the end of the day, and what the people of north Wales need are competent individuals who take their needs seriously. And, I'm afraid, the latest scandal is just further evidence that the health board and the Labour Government have failed the people of north Wales. What would Aneurin Bevan or even Betsi Cadwaladr herself be thinking if they could see all of this happening?

I've kept my remarks quite short with the time of the debate, but I conclude my comments to urge the Welsh Government and Betsi Cadwaladr to publish the entirety of the Ernst & Young report to the people of north Wales, so that we can see the extent of what has happened here, so that we can start to repair the damage and bring back the integrity and public assurance of the health board, if there, indeed, is a shred of that left. I urge Members to support our motion unamended tonight. Thank you. 

I have selected the amendment to the motion, and I call on the Minister for Health and Social Services to move formally amendment 1, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths. 

Formally. 

It's déjà vu, isn't it? And it saddens me immensely that here we are again, talking about an issue of utmost seriousness in relation to Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. It's eight years—eight years—since it went into special measures first. Eight years in which we have witnessed a catalogue of scandals. Each one undermining trust, each one undermining staff morale. And this Ernst & Young report that we are discussing today, in so many ways, sums up the story of Betsi. I see it very much as a microcosm of the health board's failures.

It's a report that highlights deep mismanagement. It's a report that highlights financial impropriety. It's a report that highlights a lack of transparency. It's a report that highlights an inadequate response by Welsh Government, and its failure to provide the transparency by giving us officially a copy of that report is a part of that. It's another example of the finger of blame being pointed at the wrong people. Rememb